Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nLow Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>This study<\/span>, conducted in Italy,<\/span> found that<\/span><\/span> p<\/span>atients with long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>in particular neurocognitive symptoms<\/span>,<\/span> had<\/span> significantly <\/span>lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than patients without<\/span> long COVID<\/span> symptoms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- At the 6-month follow-up, subjects with long COVID had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than those without (20.1 vs. 23.2 ng\/mL, P = .03).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower vitamin D levels were observed in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up than those without (14.6 ng\/mL vs. 20.6 ng\/mL, P = .042).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In patients with vitamin D deficiency at both admission and at follow-up, those with long COVID had lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those without (12.7 vs 15.2 ng\/mL, P = .041).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Multiple regression analyses revealed that lower 25(OH) levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"https:\/\/www.vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/23-16-di-Filippo-300x200.jpg\" "\\"Asian")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>100 subjects <\/span>in Italy <\/span>with and without long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span> 6 months after hospitalization<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>T<\/span>his study included a <\/span>relatively small<\/span> number of <\/span>subjects, due to the stringent <\/span>inclusion <\/span>criteria<\/span>, and was a single<\/span> center study.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, we have reported that patients with long COVID re-assessed 6 months after hospital discharge are characterized by lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels; lower vitamin D were an independent risk factor for the occurrence of this syndrome. Differently from other <\/span>previous<\/span> reports, we <\/span>observed<\/span> these findings in a controlled study with a homogeneous population; we did not limit our evaluation during follow-up visits to specific health areas but performed a multidisciplinary evaluation, including the collection of a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs reported by patients with long COVID. Furthermore, the medium-long term follow-up used in our study could <\/span>probably better<\/span> identify<\/span> and characterize patients with post-infection recovery impairment, and thus those who needed more intensive follow-up, <\/span>possibly requiring<\/span> preventive and therapeutic strategies, <\/span>including also<\/span> vitamin D supplementation.<\/span> This aspect strongly reinforces the clinical usefulness of 25(OH) vitamin D evaluation as a possible modifiable pathophysiological factor underlying this emerging worldwide critical health issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This retrospective study evaluated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of long COVID occurrence in patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 and reassessed 6 months after hospital discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 50 adult subjects with long COVID and 50 subjects without were matched 1:1 for age, sex, comorbidities, and acute disease severity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Exclusion criteria included therapies or comorbidities affecting calcium\/vitamin D\/ bone metabolism, and\/or admission to ICU during hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- To minimize the effects of seasonality on 25(OH) levels, long COVID patients were matched with non-long COVID subjects admitted to the hospital, and evaluated at 6-month follow-up, in the same time period (same week).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Low Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>This study<\/span>, conducted in Italy,<\/span> found that<\/span><\/span> p<\/span>atients with long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>in particular neurocognitive symptoms<\/span>,<\/span> had<\/span> significantly <\/span>lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than patients without<\/span> long COVID<\/span> symptoms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- At the 6-month follow-up, subjects with long COVID had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than those without (20.1 vs. 23.2 ng\/mL, P = .03).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower vitamin D levels were observed in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up than those without (14.6 ng\/mL vs. 20.6 ng\/mL, P = .042).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In patients with vitamin D deficiency at both admission and at follow-up, those with long COVID had lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those without (12.7 vs 15.2 ng\/mL, P = .041).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Multiple regression analyses revealed that lower 25(OH) levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>100 subjects <\/span>in Italy <\/span>with and without long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span> 6 months after hospitalization<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>T<\/span>his study included a <\/span>relatively small<\/span> number of <\/span>subjects, due to the stringent <\/span>inclusion <\/span>criteria<\/span>, and was a single<\/span> center study.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, we have reported that patients with long COVID re-assessed 6 months after hospital discharge are characterized by lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels; lower vitamin D were an independent risk factor for the occurrence of this syndrome. Differently from other <\/span>previous<\/span> reports, we <\/span>observed<\/span> these findings in a controlled study with a homogeneous population; we did not limit our evaluation during follow-up visits to specific health areas but performed a multidisciplinary evaluation, including the collection of a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs reported by patients with long COVID. Furthermore, the medium-long term follow-up used in our study could <\/span>probably better<\/span> identify<\/span> and characterize patients with post-infection recovery impairment, and thus those who needed more intensive follow-up, <\/span>possibly requiring<\/span> preventive and therapeutic strategies, <\/span>including also<\/span> vitamin D supplementation.<\/span> This aspect strongly reinforces the clinical usefulness of 25(OH) vitamin D evaluation as a possible modifiable pathophysiological factor underlying this emerging worldwide critical health issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This retrospective study evaluated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of long COVID occurrence in patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 and reassessed 6 months after hospital discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 50 adult subjects with long COVID and 50 subjects without were matched 1:1 for age, sex, comorbidities, and acute disease severity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Exclusion criteria included therapies or comorbidities affecting calcium\/vitamin D\/ bone metabolism, and\/or admission to ICU during hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- To minimize the effects of seasonality on 25(OH) levels, long COVID patients were matched with non-long COVID subjects admitted to the hospital, and evaluated at 6-month follow-up, in the same time period (same week).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>This study<\/span>, conducted in Italy,<\/span> found that<\/span><\/span> p<\/span>atients with long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>in particular neurocognitive symptoms<\/span>,<\/span> had<\/span> significantly <\/span>lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than patients without<\/span> long COVID<\/span> symptoms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- At the 6-month follow-up, subjects with long COVID had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than those without (20.1 vs. 23.2 ng\/mL, P = .03).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower vitamin D levels were observed in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up than those without (14.6 ng\/mL vs. 20.6 ng\/mL, P = .042).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In patients with vitamin D deficiency at both admission and at follow-up, those with long COVID had lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those without (12.7 vs 15.2 ng\/mL, P = .041).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Multiple regression analyses revealed that lower 25(OH) levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>100 subjects <\/span>in Italy <\/span>with and without long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span> 6 months after hospitalization<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>T<\/span>his study included a <\/span>relatively small<\/span> number of <\/span>subjects, due to the stringent <\/span>inclusion <\/span>criteria<\/span>, and was a single<\/span> center study.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, we have reported that patients with long COVID re-assessed 6 months after hospital discharge are characterized by lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels; lower vitamin D were an independent risk factor for the occurrence of this syndrome. Differently from other <\/span>previous<\/span> reports, we <\/span>observed<\/span> these findings in a controlled study with a homogeneous population; we did not limit our evaluation during follow-up visits to specific health areas but performed a multidisciplinary evaluation, including the collection of a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs reported by patients with long COVID. Furthermore, the medium-long term follow-up used in our study could <\/span>probably better<\/span> identify<\/span> and characterize patients with post-infection recovery impairment, and thus those who needed more intensive follow-up, <\/span>possibly requiring<\/span> preventive and therapeutic strategies, <\/span>including also<\/span> vitamin D supplementation.<\/span> This aspect strongly reinforces the clinical usefulness of 25(OH) vitamin D evaluation as a possible modifiable pathophysiological factor underlying this emerging worldwide critical health issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This retrospective study evaluated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of long COVID occurrence in patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 and reassessed 6 months after hospital discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 50 adult subjects with long COVID and 50 subjects without were matched 1:1 for age, sex, comorbidities, and acute disease severity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Exclusion criteria included therapies or comorbidities affecting calcium\/vitamin D\/ bone metabolism, and\/or admission to ICU during hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- To minimize the effects of seasonality on 25(OH) levels, long COVID patients were matched with non-long COVID subjects admitted to the hospital, and evaluated at 6-month follow-up, in the same time period (same week).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
This study<\/span>, conducted in Italy,<\/span> found that<\/span><\/span> p<\/span>atients with long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>in particular neurocognitive symptoms<\/span>,<\/span> had<\/span> significantly <\/span>lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than patients without<\/span> long COVID<\/span> symptoms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> 100 subjects <\/span>in Italy <\/span>with and without long COVID<\/span> symptoms<\/span> 6 months after hospitalization<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> T<\/span>his study included a <\/span>relatively small<\/span> number of <\/span>subjects, due to the stringent <\/span>inclusion <\/span>criteria<\/span>, and was a single<\/span> center study.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> In conclusion, we have reported that patients with long COVID re-assessed 6 months after hospital discharge are characterized by lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels; lower vitamin D were an independent risk factor for the occurrence of this syndrome. Differently from other <\/span>previous<\/span> reports, we <\/span>observed<\/span> these findings in a controlled study with a homogeneous population; we did not limit our evaluation during follow-up visits to specific health areas but performed a multidisciplinary evaluation, including the collection of a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs reported by patients with long COVID. Furthermore, the medium-long term follow-up used in our study could <\/span>probably better<\/span> identify<\/span> and characterize patients with post-infection recovery impairment, and thus those who needed more intensive follow-up, <\/span>possibly requiring<\/span> preventive and therapeutic strategies, <\/span>including also<\/span> vitamin D supplementation.<\/span> This aspect strongly reinforces the clinical usefulness of 25(OH) vitamin D evaluation as a possible modifiable pathophysiological factor underlying this emerging worldwide critical health issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>