Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nVitamin D and SARS-CoV2 Infection, Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span><\/span> D<\/span><\/span> supplementation was associated with a significant<\/span>ly<\/span> lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease <\/span>and mortality in thi<\/span>s systematic review.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Supplementation was associated with a significantly lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease) and mortality.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were no statistically significant dose differences between studies: summary estimates with regular doses remain statistically significant, suggesting that higher doses are not necessary.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- For patients on vitamin D supplementation, a greater reduction in mortality risk emerged in older individuals and at higher latitudes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"https:\/\/www.vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/128-DEcclesiis-300x200.jpg\" "\\"Nurse")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>27 cohort-studies<\/span> including<\/span> 205<\/span>,<\/span>565 patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>There were<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>many<\/span> differences in study designs including dosing and when serum levels were measured<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, our meta-analysis of both observational and interventional studies suggests that people with COVID-19 taking VD supplementation, may have a reduced risk of both severity and mortality compared to subjects who do not take VD supplementation, although further RCT are necessary to draw a definitive conclusion on the causal link. Our meta-analysis <\/span>takes into account<\/span> the most recent studies and, thanks to the <\/span>numerous<\/span> analyses and investigations carried out, could encourage the development of hypotheses that will necessarily have to be tested in randomized controlled experiments to better assess and clarify the role of VD with COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- A review was done to assess the evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection and Covid-19 in relation to deficiency and supplementation of vitamin D.<\/span><\/li>\n
- PUBMED, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science up to April 2021 were searched.<\/span><\/li>\n
- The publications were retrieved using search terms and text words: \u201cVitamin D\u201d or “25-OH-D” or \u201c25-hydroxycholecalciferol\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D3\u201d or \u201ccholecalciferol\u201d or \u201ccalcitriol\u201d or \u201chydroxycholecalciferols\u201d in combination with \u201cCovid\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2\u201d or \u201cCovid-19\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 mortality\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 death\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 severity\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2 infection\u201d without any restriction. The database search was supplemented by consulting the bibliography of the articles, reviews and published meta-analysis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Inclusion criteria 1) Research involved individuals tested for SARS-CoV2, or Covid-19 positive; 2) Serum VD levels were available and tested at baseline or within one year from study start, or information was available on baseline VDD, or VD regular use or supplementation for interventional studies; 3) Sufficient information was available to estimate the risk estimate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV2 infection or Covid-19 progression; 4) Studies had to be independent and not duplicate results published in other articles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>D’Ecclesiis<\/span> O, <\/span>Gavioli<\/span> C, <\/span>Martinoli<\/span> C, Raimondi S, <\/span>Chiocca<\/span> S, <\/span>Miccolo<\/span> C, <\/span>Bossi<\/span> P, <\/span>Cortinovis<\/span> D, <\/span>Chiaradonna<\/span> F, <\/span>Palorini<\/span> R, <\/span>Faciotti<\/span> F, <\/span>Bellerba<\/span> F, Canova S, <\/span>Jemos<\/span> C, <\/span>Sal\u00e9<\/span> EO, Gaeta A, <\/span>Zerbato<\/span> B, <\/span>Gnagnarella<\/span> P, Gandini S. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, <\/span>severity<\/span> and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span>PLoS<\/span> One. 2022 Jul 6;17(7<\/span>):e<\/span>0268396. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396. PMID: 35793346; PMCID: PMC9258852.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 Infection, Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span><\/span> D<\/span><\/span> supplementation was associated with a significant<\/span>ly<\/span> lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease <\/span>and mortality in thi<\/span>s systematic review.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Supplementation was associated with a significantly lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease) and mortality.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were no statistically significant dose differences between studies: summary estimates with regular doses remain statistically significant, suggesting that higher doses are not necessary.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- For patients on vitamin D supplementation, a greater reduction in mortality risk emerged in older individuals and at higher latitudes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>27 cohort-studies<\/span> including<\/span> 205<\/span>,<\/span>565 patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>There were<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>many<\/span> differences in study designs including dosing and when serum levels were measured<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, our meta-analysis of both observational and interventional studies suggests that people with COVID-19 taking VD supplementation, may have a reduced risk of both severity and mortality compared to subjects who do not take VD supplementation, although further RCT are necessary to draw a definitive conclusion on the causal link. Our meta-analysis <\/span>takes into account<\/span> the most recent studies and, thanks to the <\/span>numerous<\/span> analyses and investigations carried out, could encourage the development of hypotheses that will necessarily have to be tested in randomized controlled experiments to better assess and clarify the role of VD with COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- A review was done to assess the evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection and Covid-19 in relation to deficiency and supplementation of vitamin D.<\/span><\/li>\n
- PUBMED, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science up to April 2021 were searched.<\/span><\/li>\n
- The publications were retrieved using search terms and text words: \u201cVitamin D\u201d or “25-OH-D” or \u201c25-hydroxycholecalciferol\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D3\u201d or \u201ccholecalciferol\u201d or \u201ccalcitriol\u201d or \u201chydroxycholecalciferols\u201d in combination with \u201cCovid\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2\u201d or \u201cCovid-19\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 mortality\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 death\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 severity\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2 infection\u201d without any restriction. The database search was supplemented by consulting the bibliography of the articles, reviews and published meta-analysis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Inclusion criteria 1) Research involved individuals tested for SARS-CoV2, or Covid-19 positive; 2) Serum VD levels were available and tested at baseline or within one year from study start, or information was available on baseline VDD, or VD regular use or supplementation for interventional studies; 3) Sufficient information was available to estimate the risk estimate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV2 infection or Covid-19 progression; 4) Studies had to be independent and not duplicate results published in other articles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>D’Ecclesiis<\/span> O, <\/span>Gavioli<\/span> C, <\/span>Martinoli<\/span> C, Raimondi S, <\/span>Chiocca<\/span> S, <\/span>Miccolo<\/span> C, <\/span>Bossi<\/span> P, <\/span>Cortinovis<\/span> D, <\/span>Chiaradonna<\/span> F, <\/span>Palorini<\/span> R, <\/span>Faciotti<\/span> F, <\/span>Bellerba<\/span> F, Canova S, <\/span>Jemos<\/span> C, <\/span>Sal\u00e9<\/span> EO, Gaeta A, <\/span>Zerbato<\/span> B, <\/span>Gnagnarella<\/span> P, Gandini S. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, <\/span>severity<\/span> and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span>PLoS<\/span> One. 2022 Jul 6;17(7<\/span>):e<\/span>0268396. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396. PMID: 35793346; PMCID: PMC9258852.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span><\/span> D<\/span><\/span> supplementation was associated with a significant<\/span>ly<\/span> lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease <\/span>and mortality in thi<\/span>s systematic review.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Supplementation was associated with a significantly lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease) and mortality.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were no statistically significant dose differences between studies: summary estimates with regular doses remain statistically significant, suggesting that higher doses are not necessary.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- For patients on vitamin D supplementation, a greater reduction in mortality risk emerged in older individuals and at higher latitudes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>27 cohort-studies<\/span> including<\/span> 205<\/span>,<\/span>565 patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>There were<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>many<\/span> differences in study designs including dosing and when serum levels were measured<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In conclusion, our meta-analysis of both observational and interventional studies suggests that people with COVID-19 taking VD supplementation, may have a reduced risk of both severity and mortality compared to subjects who do not take VD supplementation, although further RCT are necessary to draw a definitive conclusion on the causal link. Our meta-analysis <\/span>takes into account<\/span> the most recent studies and, thanks to the <\/span>numerous<\/span> analyses and investigations carried out, could encourage the development of hypotheses that will necessarily have to be tested in randomized controlled experiments to better assess and clarify the role of VD with COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- A review was done to assess the evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection and Covid-19 in relation to deficiency and supplementation of vitamin D.<\/span><\/li>\n
- PUBMED, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science up to April 2021 were searched.<\/span><\/li>\n
- The publications were retrieved using search terms and text words: \u201cVitamin D\u201d or “25-OH-D” or \u201c25-hydroxycholecalciferol\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D\u201d or \u201c25-hydroxyvitamin D3\u201d or \u201ccholecalciferol\u201d or \u201ccalcitriol\u201d or \u201chydroxycholecalciferols\u201d in combination with \u201cCovid\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2\u201d or \u201cCovid-19\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 mortality\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 death\u201d or \u201cCovid-19 severity\u201d or \u201cSARS-CoV2 infection\u201d without any restriction. The database search was supplemented by consulting the bibliography of the articles, reviews and published meta-analysis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Inclusion criteria 1) Research involved individuals tested for SARS-CoV2, or Covid-19 positive; 2) Serum VD levels were available and tested at baseline or within one year from study start, or information was available on baseline VDD, or VD regular use or supplementation for interventional studies; 3) Sufficient information was available to estimate the risk estimate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV2 infection or Covid-19 progression; 4) Studies had to be independent and not duplicate results published in other articles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>D’Ecclesiis<\/span> O, <\/span>Gavioli<\/span> C, <\/span>Martinoli<\/span> C, Raimondi S, <\/span>Chiocca<\/span> S, <\/span>Miccolo<\/span> C, <\/span>Bossi<\/span> P, <\/span>Cortinovis<\/span> D, <\/span>Chiaradonna<\/span> F, <\/span>Palorini<\/span> R, <\/span>Faciotti<\/span> F, <\/span>Bellerba<\/span> F, Canova S, <\/span>Jemos<\/span> C, <\/span>Sal\u00e9<\/span> EO, Gaeta A, <\/span>Zerbato<\/span> B, <\/span>Gnagnarella<\/span> P, Gandini S. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, <\/span>severity<\/span> and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span>PLoS<\/span> One. 2022 Jul 6;17(7<\/span>):e<\/span>0268396. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396. PMID: 35793346; PMCID: PMC9258852.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Vitamin<\/span><\/span> D<\/span><\/span> supplementation was associated with a significant<\/span>ly<\/span> lower risk of both Covid-19 severe disease <\/span>and mortality in thi<\/span>s systematic review.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> 27 cohort-studies<\/span> including<\/span> 205<\/span>,<\/span>565 patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> There were<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>many<\/span> differences in study designs including dosing and when serum levels were measured<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> In conclusion, our meta-analysis of both observational and interventional studies suggests that people with COVID-19 taking VD supplementation, may have a reduced risk of both severity and mortality compared to subjects who do not take VD supplementation, although further RCT are necessary to draw a definitive conclusion on the causal link. Our meta-analysis <\/span>takes into account<\/span> the most recent studies and, thanks to the <\/span>numerous<\/span> analyses and investigations carried out, could encourage the development of hypotheses that will necessarily have to be tested in randomized controlled experiments to better assess and clarify the role of VD with COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> D’Ecclesiis<\/span> O, <\/span>Gavioli<\/span> C, <\/span>Martinoli<\/span> C, Raimondi S, <\/span>Chiocca<\/span> S, <\/span>Miccolo<\/span> C, <\/span>Bossi<\/span> P, <\/span>Cortinovis<\/span> D, <\/span>Chiaradonna<\/span> F, <\/span>Palorini<\/span> R, <\/span>Faciotti<\/span> F, <\/span>Bellerba<\/span> F, Canova S, <\/span>Jemos<\/span> C, <\/span>Sal\u00e9<\/span> EO, Gaeta A, <\/span>Zerbato<\/span> B, <\/span>Gnagnarella<\/span> P, Gandini S. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, <\/span>severity<\/span> and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span>PLoS<\/span> One. 2022 Jul 6;17(7<\/span>):e<\/span>0268396. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396. PMID: 35793346; PMCID: PMC9258852.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
\n
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>