Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nAssociations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity<\/span>.<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span> D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. <\/span>There was a<\/span>n association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Higher predicted 25(OH)D concentrations, but not vitamin D intake, were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Participants in the highest quartile of UV-B and UV-A\u00a0also had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the lowest.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- High intake of vitamin D from supplements (\u2265400 IU\/d) was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"https:\/\/www.vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/119-Ma-300x169.jpg\" "\\"Vitamin")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>A sample of 1768 subjects from a large longitudinal study of female <\/span>nurses<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Vitamin D status was determined through a prediction equation and not actual measurement of vitamin D.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D intake were based on data from 2015, 5 y prior to the pandemic. Many subjects may have started taking vitamin D supplements in that time.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was some adjustment for several potential confounders, including lifestyle factors and comorbidities, but the possibility of residual confounding cannot be eliminated.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The majority of COVID-19 cases in this study were mild in severity, making the impact of vitamin D on more severe COVID-19 risk impossible to determine in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was a lack of diversity in the sample in terms of race and age making it difficult to generalize to other racial\/ethnic populations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u201c<\/span>In conclusion, we found that predicted 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This association was observed specifically for asymptomatic, but <\/span>not symptomatic, infection. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. These data also support an association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, results for predicted 25(OH)D need to be interpreted cautiously. Additional research is needed, particularly high-quality randomized controlled trials, to guide the use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This study analyzed data from periodic surveys (May 2020 to March 2021) within the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among 39,315 participants, 1768 reported a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Usual vitamin D intake from foods and supplements were measured using a semiquantitative, pre-pandemic food-frequency questionnaire in 2015.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were calculated based on a previously validated model including dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, UV-B, and other behavioral predictors of vitamin D status.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Ma W, Nguyen LH, Yue Y, Ding M, Drew DA, Wang K, Merino J, Rich-Edwards JW, Sun Q, Camargo CA, <\/span>Giovannucci<\/span> E, Willett W, Manson JE, Song M, <\/span>Bhupathiraju<\/span> SN, Chan AT. Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Am J Clin <\/span>Nutr<\/span>. 2022 Apr 1;115(4):1123-1133. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1093\/<\/span>ajcn<\/span>\/nqab389. PMID: 34864844; PMCID: PMC8690242.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity<\/span>.<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span> D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. <\/span>There was a<\/span>n association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Higher predicted 25(OH)D concentrations, but not vitamin D intake, were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Participants in the highest quartile of UV-B and UV-A\u00a0also had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the lowest.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- High intake of vitamin D from supplements (\u2265400 IU\/d) was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>A sample of 1768 subjects from a large longitudinal study of female <\/span>nurses<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Vitamin D status was determined through a prediction equation and not actual measurement of vitamin D.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D intake were based on data from 2015, 5 y prior to the pandemic. Many subjects may have started taking vitamin D supplements in that time.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was some adjustment for several potential confounders, including lifestyle factors and comorbidities, but the possibility of residual confounding cannot be eliminated.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The majority of COVID-19 cases in this study were mild in severity, making the impact of vitamin D on more severe COVID-19 risk impossible to determine in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was a lack of diversity in the sample in terms of race and age making it difficult to generalize to other racial\/ethnic populations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u201c<\/span>In conclusion, we found that predicted 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This association was observed specifically for asymptomatic, but <\/span>not symptomatic, infection. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. These data also support an association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, results for predicted 25(OH)D need to be interpreted cautiously. Additional research is needed, particularly high-quality randomized controlled trials, to guide the use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This study analyzed data from periodic surveys (May 2020 to March 2021) within the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among 39,315 participants, 1768 reported a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Usual vitamin D intake from foods and supplements were measured using a semiquantitative, pre-pandemic food-frequency questionnaire in 2015.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were calculated based on a previously validated model including dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, UV-B, and other behavioral predictors of vitamin D status.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Ma W, Nguyen LH, Yue Y, Ding M, Drew DA, Wang K, Merino J, Rich-Edwards JW, Sun Q, Camargo CA, <\/span>Giovannucci<\/span> E, Willett W, Manson JE, Song M, <\/span>Bhupathiraju<\/span> SN, Chan AT. Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Am J Clin <\/span>Nutr<\/span>. 2022 Apr 1;115(4):1123-1133. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1093\/<\/span>ajcn<\/span>\/nqab389. PMID: 34864844; PMCID: PMC8690242.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Vitamin<\/span> D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. <\/span>There was a<\/span>n association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Higher predicted 25(OH)D concentrations, but not vitamin D intake, were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Participants in the highest quartile of UV-B and UV-A\u00a0also had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the lowest.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- High intake of vitamin D from supplements (\u2265400 IU\/d) was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>A sample of 1768 subjects from a large longitudinal study of female <\/span>nurses<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Vitamin D status was determined through a prediction equation and not actual measurement of vitamin D.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D intake were based on data from 2015, 5 y prior to the pandemic. Many subjects may have started taking vitamin D supplements in that time.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was some adjustment for several potential confounders, including lifestyle factors and comorbidities, but the possibility of residual confounding cannot be eliminated.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The majority of COVID-19 cases in this study were mild in severity, making the impact of vitamin D on more severe COVID-19 risk impossible to determine in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was a lack of diversity in the sample in terms of race and age making it difficult to generalize to other racial\/ethnic populations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u201c<\/span>In conclusion, we found that predicted 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This association was observed specifically for asymptomatic, but <\/span>not symptomatic, infection. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. These data also support an association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, results for predicted 25(OH)D need to be interpreted cautiously. Additional research is needed, particularly high-quality randomized controlled trials, to guide the use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This study analyzed data from periodic surveys (May 2020 to March 2021) within the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among 39,315 participants, 1768 reported a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Usual vitamin D intake from foods and supplements were measured using a semiquantitative, pre-pandemic food-frequency questionnaire in 2015.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were calculated based on a previously validated model including dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, UV-B, and other behavioral predictors of vitamin D status.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Ma W, Nguyen LH, Yue Y, Ding M, Drew DA, Wang K, Merino J, Rich-Edwards JW, Sun Q, Camargo CA, <\/span>Giovannucci<\/span> E, Willett W, Manson JE, Song M, <\/span>Bhupathiraju<\/span> SN, Chan AT. Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Am J Clin <\/span>Nutr<\/span>. 2022 Apr 1;115(4):1123-1133. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1093\/<\/span>ajcn<\/span>\/nqab389. PMID: 34864844; PMCID: PMC8690242.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Vitamin<\/span> D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. <\/span>There was a<\/span>n association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> A sample of 1768 subjects from a large longitudinal study of female <\/span>nurses<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \u201c<\/span>In conclusion, we found that predicted 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This association was observed specifically for asymptomatic, but <\/span>not symptomatic, infection. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19\u2013related hospitalization. These data also support an association between exposure to UV-B or UV-A, independently of vitamin D, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, results for predicted 25(OH)D need to be interpreted cautiously. Additional research is needed, particularly high-quality randomized controlled trials, to guide the use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Ma W, Nguyen LH, Yue Y, Ding M, Drew DA, Wang K, Merino J, Rich-Edwards JW, Sun Q, Camargo CA, <\/span>Giovannucci<\/span> E, Willett W, Manson JE, Song M, <\/span>Bhupathiraju<\/span> SN, Chan AT. Associations between predicted vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Am J Clin <\/span>Nutr<\/span>. 2022 Apr 1;115(4):1123-1133. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1093\/<\/span>ajcn<\/span>\/nqab389. PMID: 34864844; PMCID: PMC8690242.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>