Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nA critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe<\/span>.<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In thi<\/span>s <\/span>study,<\/span><\/span> v<\/span>itamin D deficiency d<\/span>id<\/span> not correlate to COVID-19 infection<\/span> rate<\/span>.<\/span> COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with <\/span>vitamin D deficiency.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Cases of COVID-19 infection per million people displayed a non-significant, positive correlation (r = 0.363, P = 0.116) with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A non-significant correlation (r = 0.215, P = 0.392) was also observed between COVID-19 infections and severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- COVID-19 mortality per million people was significantly correlated with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L; r = 0.634, P = 0.003).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L; r = 0.538, P = 0.021) and COVID-19 mortality rates.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"https:\/\/www.vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bakaloudi94-300x200.jpg\" "\\"Nurse")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>20 European <\/span>c<\/span>ountries<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a unique study design and as such may not have utilized reliable sources of data<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Printed material may not be peer-reviewed and therefore should not be used as clinical practice guidelines.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 20 European countries were included in the data and the author\u2019s feel this is sufficient to generalize findings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Data was not pulled from national-level surveys; it was pulled from published studies with the most representative data for each country\u2019s population.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>The prevalence of neither mild nor severe Vit D deficiency was associated with the number of COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19 infections in European countries. Thus, it is an important parameter to consider when implementing preventive measures to face COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- \n
\n- \n
\n- Inclusion criteria for the study were: population-based studies that reported<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As a last step, out of the articles<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
\n- \n
\n- Information on COVID-19 infections, recoveries, and mortalities was retrieved<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in these countries were extracted by<\/span> from the Worldometer website, which provides real-time statistics. This source\u00a0<\/span>contains data derived directly from official government reports of individual countries and indirectly through reliable local media resources.<\/span> a comprehensive electronic search in the PubMed database (up to June 23, 2021).<\/span> data including the year 2010; studies reporting non-institutionalized adults (ages<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>18 y); studies defining mild Vit D deficiency as serum concentration < 20 ng\/mL<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>or < 50 nmol\/L and\/or severe deficiency as < 12 ng\/mL or < 30 nmol\/L; studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>reporting the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in the sample population; European<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>countries with population > 1 million; and European countries in which > 60 000<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>COVID-19 tests per million people were performed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Editorials, commentaries, book chapters, book reviews, and studies confined to a selective sample of community-dwelling people, such as pregnant women, menopausal women, and people with diagnosed illnesses, were excluded.\u00a0<\/span> screened for each country, the data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency were\u00a0<\/span>retrieved from the most recently published study (with measurements completed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>not earlier than 2010), including the most representative sample for each country.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Bakaloudi<\/span> DR, <\/span>Chourdakis<\/span> M. A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Nutrition. 2022 <\/span>Jan; 93:111441<\/span>. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111441. <\/span>Epub<\/span> 2021 Jul 30. PMID: 34492624; PMCID: PMC8321689.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe<\/span>.<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In thi<\/span>s <\/span>study,<\/span><\/span> v<\/span>itamin D deficiency d<\/span>id<\/span> not correlate to COVID-19 infection<\/span> rate<\/span>.<\/span> COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with <\/span>vitamin D deficiency.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Cases of COVID-19 infection per million people displayed a non-significant, positive correlation (r = 0.363, P = 0.116) with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A non-significant correlation (r = 0.215, P = 0.392) was also observed between COVID-19 infections and severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- COVID-19 mortality per million people was significantly correlated with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L; r = 0.634, P = 0.003).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L; r = 0.538, P = 0.021) and COVID-19 mortality rates.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>20 European <\/span>c<\/span>ountries<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a unique study design and as such may not have utilized reliable sources of data<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Printed material may not be peer-reviewed and therefore should not be used as clinical practice guidelines.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 20 European countries were included in the data and the author\u2019s feel this is sufficient to generalize findings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Data was not pulled from national-level surveys; it was pulled from published studies with the most representative data for each country\u2019s population.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>The prevalence of neither mild nor severe Vit D deficiency was associated with the number of COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19 infections in European countries. Thus, it is an important parameter to consider when implementing preventive measures to face COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- \n
\n- \n
\n- Inclusion criteria for the study were: population-based studies that reported<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As a last step, out of the articles<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
\n- \n
\n- Information on COVID-19 infections, recoveries, and mortalities was retrieved<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in these countries were extracted by<\/span> from the Worldometer website, which provides real-time statistics. This source\u00a0<\/span>contains data derived directly from official government reports of individual countries and indirectly through reliable local media resources.<\/span> a comprehensive electronic search in the PubMed database (up to June 23, 2021).<\/span> data including the year 2010; studies reporting non-institutionalized adults (ages<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>18 y); studies defining mild Vit D deficiency as serum concentration < 20 ng\/mL<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>or < 50 nmol\/L and\/or severe deficiency as < 12 ng\/mL or < 30 nmol\/L; studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>reporting the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in the sample population; European<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>countries with population > 1 million; and European countries in which > 60 000<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>COVID-19 tests per million people were performed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Editorials, commentaries, book chapters, book reviews, and studies confined to a selective sample of community-dwelling people, such as pregnant women, menopausal women, and people with diagnosed illnesses, were excluded.\u00a0<\/span> screened for each country, the data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency were\u00a0<\/span>retrieved from the most recently published study (with measurements completed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>not earlier than 2010), including the most representative sample for each country.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Bakaloudi<\/span> DR, <\/span>Chourdakis<\/span> M. A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Nutrition. 2022 <\/span>Jan; 93:111441<\/span>. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111441. <\/span>Epub<\/span> 2021 Jul 30. PMID: 34492624; PMCID: PMC8321689.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In thi<\/span>s <\/span>study,<\/span><\/span> v<\/span>itamin D deficiency d<\/span>id<\/span> not correlate to COVID-19 infection<\/span> rate<\/span>.<\/span> COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with <\/span>vitamin D deficiency.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Cases of COVID-19 infection per million people displayed a non-significant, positive correlation (r = 0.363, P = 0.116) with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A non-significant correlation (r = 0.215, P = 0.392) was also observed between COVID-19 infections and severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- COVID-19 mortality per million people was significantly correlated with the prevalence of Vit D deficiency (<50 nmol\/L; r = 0.634, P = 0.003).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of severe Vit D deficiency (<30 nmol\/L; r = 0.538, P = 0.021) and COVID-19 mortality rates.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>20 European <\/span>c<\/span>ountries<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a unique study design and as such may not have utilized reliable sources of data<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Printed material may not be peer-reviewed and therefore should not be used as clinical practice guidelines.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- 20 European countries were included in the data and the author\u2019s feel this is sufficient to generalize findings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Data was not pulled from national-level surveys; it was pulled from published studies with the most representative data for each country\u2019s population.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>The prevalence of neither mild nor severe Vit D deficiency was associated with the number of COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19 infections in European countries. Thus, it is an important parameter to consider when implementing preventive measures to face COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- \n
\n- \n
\n- Inclusion criteria for the study were: population-based studies that reported<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As a last step, out of the articles<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
\n- \n
\n- Information on COVID-19 infections, recoveries, and mortalities was retrieved<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in these countries were extracted by<\/span> from the Worldometer website, which provides real-time statistics. This source\u00a0<\/span>contains data derived directly from official government reports of individual countries and indirectly through reliable local media resources.<\/span> a comprehensive electronic search in the PubMed database (up to June 23, 2021).<\/span> data including the year 2010; studies reporting non-institutionalized adults (ages<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>18 y); studies defining mild Vit D deficiency as serum concentration < 20 ng\/mL<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>or < 50 nmol\/L and\/or severe deficiency as < 12 ng\/mL or < 30 nmol\/L; studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>reporting the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in the sample population; European<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>countries with population > 1 million; and European countries in which > 60 000<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>COVID-19 tests per million people were performed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Editorials, commentaries, book chapters, book reviews, and studies confined to a selective sample of community-dwelling people, such as pregnant women, menopausal women, and people with diagnosed illnesses, were excluded.\u00a0<\/span> screened for each country, the data on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency were\u00a0<\/span>retrieved from the most recently published study (with measurements completed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>not earlier than 2010), including the most representative sample for each country.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Bakaloudi<\/span> DR, <\/span>Chourdakis<\/span> M. A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Nutrition. 2022 <\/span>Jan; 93:111441<\/span>. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111441. <\/span>Epub<\/span> 2021 Jul 30. PMID: 34492624; PMCID: PMC8321689.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
In thi<\/span>s <\/span>study,<\/span><\/span> v<\/span>itamin D deficiency d<\/span>id<\/span> not correlate to COVID-19 infection<\/span> rate<\/span>.<\/span> COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with <\/span>vitamin D deficiency.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> 20 European <\/span>c<\/span>ountries<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> The prevalence of neither mild nor severe Vit D deficiency was associated with the number of COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19 infections in European countries. Thus, it is an important parameter to consider when implementing preventive measures to face COVID<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> Bakaloudi<\/span> DR, <\/span>Chourdakis<\/span> M. A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Nutrition. 2022 <\/span>Jan; 93:111441<\/span>. <\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111441. <\/span>Epub<\/span> 2021 Jul 30. PMID: 34492624; PMCID: PMC8321689.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>