Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nDoes vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In a cross-sectional study of 329 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran from March\u2013July 2020, there was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum vitamin D levels. In other words, the lower the vitamin D status the longer the stay. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- The mean hospital stay was 8.27\u00b104 days, ranging 1\u201338 days.<\/li>\n
- A total of 297 patients (90.3%) were discharged and 32 patients (9.7%) died.<\/li>\n
- The three most common COVID-19 symptoms were 58.7% dyspnea, 46.5% cough (7.3% productive) and 38.3% fever.<\/li>\n
- The three most common underlying conditions were 39.8% hypertension, 25.8% diabetes mellitus and 22.6% heart disease.<\/li>\n
- The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 53.70\u00b113 ng\/ml (134.3\u00b190.3 nmol\/l), ranging from 4 to 193.4 ng\/ml (10-483.5 nmol\/l). Of the 329 patients, 72.3% were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l), 14.6% were insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and 13.1% were deficient (<20 ng\/ml or <50 nmol\/l).<\/li>\n
- There was a significant difference in the durations of hospital stay between patients with sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l) and insufficient (<30 ng\/ml or <75 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting vitamin D levels for confounding variables such as age, sex and underlying conditions, linear regression underscored significant differences in the association between length of hospitalization and serum 25(OH)D levels, with a longer stay found in insufficient groups.<\/li>\n
- There was no significant difference in the time interval to return to normal oxygen level (from SpO2 < 93%) or death rate between serum 25(OH)D sufficient and insufficient groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
![](\"https:\/\/www.vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/CROP1_Nasiri_iStock-12563230511-300x300.jpg\" "\\"CROP1_Nasiri_iStock-1256323051(1)\\"")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Three-hundred twenty-nine patients (167 men, 50.8%; 162 women, 49.2%) with a positive nasal swab RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.7\u00b118.5 years, ranging 15\u201399 years. Age was <20 years in 13.1%, 20\u201330 years in 14.6% and >30 years in 72.3% of the patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- The observational design of the study cannot substantiate causality between serum vitamin D levels and severity of COVID-19 disease.<\/li>\n
- No control group was included in the study. Similar vitamin D deficiency rates may be expected in subjects with baseline characteristics similar to the COVID-19 patients.<\/li>\n
- This study had a small sample size. A larger sample size would increase the power and robustness of the study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum 25(OH)D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a cross-sectional study of 329 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March\u2013July 2020.<\/li>\n
- Background data including age, sex, social history, underlying disease or medical condition, including renal transplantation\/dialysis, chemotherapy and others were recorded in addition to COVID-19 symptoms.<\/li>\n
- Serum 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by routine blood sampling on the first day of hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups: sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or 75 nmol\/l), insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and deficient (<20 ng\/ml or 50 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/li>\n
- Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) were obtained. Normal SpO2 was set at 93% and patients with abnormal findings were followed until measurements returned to normal levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Nasiri M, Khodadadi J, Molaei S. Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr\u00a0<\/span>30;107:264<\/span>-267.\u00a0<\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.083.\u00a0<\/span>Epub<\/span>\u00a0ahead of print. PMID: 33940189; PMCID: PMC8086264.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In a cross-sectional study of 329 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran from March\u2013July 2020, there was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum vitamin D levels. In other words, the lower the vitamin D status the longer the stay. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- The mean hospital stay was 8.27\u00b104 days, ranging 1\u201338 days.<\/li>\n
- A total of 297 patients (90.3%) were discharged and 32 patients (9.7%) died.<\/li>\n
- The three most common COVID-19 symptoms were 58.7% dyspnea, 46.5% cough (7.3% productive) and 38.3% fever.<\/li>\n
- The three most common underlying conditions were 39.8% hypertension, 25.8% diabetes mellitus and 22.6% heart disease.<\/li>\n
- The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 53.70\u00b113 ng\/ml (134.3\u00b190.3 nmol\/l), ranging from 4 to 193.4 ng\/ml (10-483.5 nmol\/l). Of the 329 patients, 72.3% were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l), 14.6% were insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and 13.1% were deficient (<20 ng\/ml or <50 nmol\/l).<\/li>\n
- There was a significant difference in the durations of hospital stay between patients with sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l) and insufficient (<30 ng\/ml or <75 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting vitamin D levels for confounding variables such as age, sex and underlying conditions, linear regression underscored significant differences in the association between length of hospitalization and serum 25(OH)D levels, with a longer stay found in insufficient groups.<\/li>\n
- There was no significant difference in the time interval to return to normal oxygen level (from SpO2 < 93%) or death rate between serum 25(OH)D sufficient and insufficient groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Three-hundred twenty-nine patients (167 men, 50.8%; 162 women, 49.2%) with a positive nasal swab RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.7\u00b118.5 years, ranging 15\u201399 years. Age was <20 years in 13.1%, 20\u201330 years in 14.6% and >30 years in 72.3% of the patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- The observational design of the study cannot substantiate causality between serum vitamin D levels and severity of COVID-19 disease.<\/li>\n
- No control group was included in the study. Similar vitamin D deficiency rates may be expected in subjects with baseline characteristics similar to the COVID-19 patients.<\/li>\n
- This study had a small sample size. A larger sample size would increase the power and robustness of the study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum 25(OH)D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a cross-sectional study of 329 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March\u2013July 2020.<\/li>\n
- Background data including age, sex, social history, underlying disease or medical condition, including renal transplantation\/dialysis, chemotherapy and others were recorded in addition to COVID-19 symptoms.<\/li>\n
- Serum 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by routine blood sampling on the first day of hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups: sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or 75 nmol\/l), insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and deficient (<20 ng\/ml or 50 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/li>\n
- Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) were obtained. Normal SpO2 was set at 93% and patients with abnormal findings were followed until measurements returned to normal levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Nasiri M, Khodadadi J, Molaei S. Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr\u00a0<\/span>30;107:264<\/span>-267.\u00a0<\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.083.\u00a0<\/span>Epub<\/span>\u00a0ahead of print. PMID: 33940189; PMCID: PMC8086264.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>In a cross-sectional study of 329 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran from March\u2013July 2020, there was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum vitamin D levels. In other words, the lower the vitamin D status the longer the stay. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- The mean hospital stay was 8.27\u00b104 days, ranging 1\u201338 days.<\/li>\n
- A total of 297 patients (90.3%) were discharged and 32 patients (9.7%) died.<\/li>\n
- The three most common COVID-19 symptoms were 58.7% dyspnea, 46.5% cough (7.3% productive) and 38.3% fever.<\/li>\n
- The three most common underlying conditions were 39.8% hypertension, 25.8% diabetes mellitus and 22.6% heart disease.<\/li>\n
- The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 53.70\u00b113 ng\/ml (134.3\u00b190.3 nmol\/l), ranging from 4 to 193.4 ng\/ml (10-483.5 nmol\/l). Of the 329 patients, 72.3% were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l), 14.6% were insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and 13.1% were deficient (<20 ng\/ml or <50 nmol\/l).<\/li>\n
- There was a significant difference in the durations of hospital stay between patients with sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l) and insufficient (<30 ng\/ml or <75 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting vitamin D levels for confounding variables such as age, sex and underlying conditions, linear regression underscored significant differences in the association between length of hospitalization and serum 25(OH)D levels, with a longer stay found in insufficient groups.<\/li>\n
- There was no significant difference in the time interval to return to normal oxygen level (from SpO2 < 93%) or death rate between serum 25(OH)D sufficient and insufficient groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Three-hundred twenty-nine patients (167 men, 50.8%; 162 women, 49.2%) with a positive nasal swab RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.7\u00b118.5 years, ranging 15\u201399 years. Age was <20 years in 13.1%, 20\u201330 years in 14.6% and >30 years in 72.3% of the patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- The observational design of the study cannot substantiate causality between serum vitamin D levels and severity of COVID-19 disease.<\/li>\n
- No control group was included in the study. Similar vitamin D deficiency rates may be expected in subjects with baseline characteristics similar to the COVID-19 patients.<\/li>\n
- This study had a small sample size. A larger sample size would increase the power and robustness of the study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum 25(OH)D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a cross-sectional study of 329 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March\u2013July 2020.<\/li>\n
- Background data including age, sex, social history, underlying disease or medical condition, including renal transplantation\/dialysis, chemotherapy and others were recorded in addition to COVID-19 symptoms.<\/li>\n
- Serum 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by routine blood sampling on the first day of hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups: sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or 75 nmol\/l), insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and deficient (<20 ng\/ml or 50 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/li>\n
- Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) were obtained. Normal SpO2 was set at 93% and patients with abnormal findings were followed until measurements returned to normal levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Nasiri M, Khodadadi J, Molaei S. Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr\u00a0<\/span>30;107:264<\/span>-267.\u00a0<\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.083.\u00a0<\/span>Epub<\/span>\u00a0ahead of print. PMID: 33940189; PMCID: PMC8086264.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
In a cross-sectional study of 329 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran from March\u2013July 2020, there was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum vitamin D levels. In other words, the lower the vitamin D status the longer the stay. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- The mean hospital stay was 8.27\u00b104 days, ranging 1\u201338 days.<\/li>\n
- A total of 297 patients (90.3%) were discharged and 32 patients (9.7%) died.<\/li>\n
- The three most common COVID-19 symptoms were 58.7% dyspnea, 46.5% cough (7.3% productive) and 38.3% fever.<\/li>\n
- The three most common underlying conditions were 39.8% hypertension, 25.8% diabetes mellitus and 22.6% heart disease.<\/li>\n
- The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 53.70\u00b113 ng\/ml (134.3\u00b190.3 nmol\/l), ranging from 4 to 193.4 ng\/ml (10-483.5 nmol\/l). Of the 329 patients, 72.3% were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l), 14.6% were insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and 13.1% were deficient (<20 ng\/ml or <50 nmol\/l).<\/li>\n
- There was a significant difference in the durations of hospital stay between patients with sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l) and insufficient (<30 ng\/ml or <75 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting vitamin D levels for confounding variables such as age, sex and underlying conditions, linear regression underscored significant differences in the association between length of hospitalization and serum 25(OH)D levels, with a longer stay found in insufficient groups.<\/li>\n
- There was no significant difference in the time interval to return to normal oxygen level (from SpO2 < 93%) or death rate between serum 25(OH)D sufficient and insufficient groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Three-hundred twenty-nine patients (167 men, 50.8%; 162 women, 49.2%) with a positive nasal swab RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.7\u00b118.5 years, ranging 15\u201399 years. Age was <20 years in 13.1%, 20\u201330 years in 14.6% and >30 years in 72.3% of the patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- The observational design of the study cannot substantiate causality between serum vitamin D levels and severity of COVID-19 disease.<\/li>\n
- No control group was included in the study. Similar vitamin D deficiency rates may be expected in subjects with baseline characteristics similar to the COVID-19 patients.<\/li>\n
- This study had a small sample size. A larger sample size would increase the power and robustness of the study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum 25(OH)D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- This was a cross-sectional study of 329 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March\u2013July 2020.<\/li>\n
- Background data including age, sex, social history, underlying disease or medical condition, including renal transplantation\/dialysis, chemotherapy and others were recorded in addition to COVID-19 symptoms.<\/li>\n
- Serum 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by routine blood sampling on the first day of hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups: sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or 75 nmol\/l), insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and deficient (<20 ng\/ml or 50 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/li>\n
- Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) were obtained. Normal SpO2 was set at 93% and patients with abnormal findings were followed until measurements returned to normal levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Nasiri M, Khodadadi J, Molaei S. Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr\u00a0<\/span>30;107:264<\/span>-267.\u00a0<\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.083.\u00a0<\/span>Epub<\/span>\u00a0ahead of print. PMID: 33940189; PMCID: PMC8086264.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
- \n
- The mean hospital stay was 8.27\u00b104 days, ranging 1\u201338 days.<\/li>\n
- A total of 297 patients (90.3%) were discharged and 32 patients (9.7%) died.<\/li>\n
- The three most common COVID-19 symptoms were 58.7% dyspnea, 46.5% cough (7.3% productive) and 38.3% fever.<\/li>\n
- The three most common underlying conditions were 39.8% hypertension, 25.8% diabetes mellitus and 22.6% heart disease.<\/li>\n
- The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 53.70\u00b113 ng\/ml (134.3\u00b190.3 nmol\/l), ranging from 4 to 193.4 ng\/ml (10-483.5 nmol\/l). Of the 329 patients, 72.3% were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l), 14.6% were insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and 13.1% were deficient (<20 ng\/ml or <50 nmol\/l).<\/li>\n
- There was a significant difference in the durations of hospital stay between patients with sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or >75 nmol\/l) and insufficient (<30 ng\/ml or <75 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting vitamin D levels for confounding variables such as age, sex and underlying conditions, linear regression underscored significant differences in the association between length of hospitalization and serum 25(OH)D levels, with a longer stay found in insufficient groups.<\/li>\n
- There was no significant difference in the time interval to return to normal oxygen level (from SpO2 < 93%) or death rate between serum 25(OH)D sufficient and insufficient groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Three-hundred twenty-nine patients (167 men, 50.8%; 162 women, 49.2%) with a positive nasal swab RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.7\u00b118.5 years, ranging 15\u201399 years. Age was <20 years in 13.1%, 20\u201330 years in 14.6% and >30 years in 72.3% of the patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
- \n
- The observational design of the study cannot substantiate causality between serum vitamin D levels and severity of COVID-19 disease.<\/li>\n
- No control group was included in the study. Similar vitamin D deficiency rates may be expected in subjects with baseline characteristics similar to the COVID-19 patients.<\/li>\n
- This study had a small sample size. A larger sample size would increase the power and robustness of the study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum 25(OH)D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
“<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
- \n
- This was a cross-sectional study of 329 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March\u2013July 2020.<\/li>\n
- Background data including age, sex, social history, underlying disease or medical condition, including renal transplantation\/dialysis, chemotherapy and others were recorded in addition to COVID-19 symptoms.<\/li>\n
- Serum 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by routine blood sampling on the first day of hospitalization. Patients were categorized into three groups: sufficient (>30 ng\/ml or 75 nmol\/l), insufficient (20\u201330 ng\/ml or 50-75 nmol\/l) and deficient (<20 ng\/ml or 50 nmol\/l) serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/li>\n
- Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) were obtained. Normal SpO2 was set at 93% and patients with abnormal findings were followed until measurements returned to normal levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Reference<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
Nasiri M, Khodadadi J, Molaei S. Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr\u00a0<\/span>30;107:264<\/span>-267.\u00a0<\/span>doi<\/span>: 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.083.\u00a0<\/span>Epub<\/span>\u00a0ahead of print. PMID: 33940189; PMCID: PMC8086264.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>