Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nExploring the link between Vitamin D and clinical outcomes in COVID-19<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>This <\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cohort <\/span><\/span><\/span>study evaluated the<\/span><\/span> role of <\/span><\/span>serum <\/span><\/span>vitamin D <\/span><\/span>levels <\/span><\/span>in severe disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>in Detroit, MI <\/span><\/span>and found no association of vitamin D levels with mortality,<\/span><\/span> the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and<\/span><\/span> thromboembolism in COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand one patients who received a positive COVID-19 PCR diagnosis at Detroit Medical Center (Michigan, USA) between March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, <\/span>2020.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>B<\/span><\/span>etween March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, 20<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Of the <\/span>270 patients<\/span> included in the study<\/span>,<\/span> 117<\/span> were <\/span>male (43.3%) and 153 female (56.7%)<\/span> with a <\/span>mean age of<\/span> 63.81<\/span> \u00b1<\/span> 14.69 <\/span>years. More than half (n = 139, 51.5%) were <\/span>age<\/span> 65 and older <\/span>and<\/span> Black<\/span> was the <\/span>predominant <\/span>race<\/span> (n = 216,<\/span> 80%).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- M<\/span>ore<\/span> than one-third of the patients had <\/span>serum 25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span><<\/span> 20 ng\/mL<\/span> (n = 95, 35.2%). About 70% of patients had three or more comorbid<\/span> diseases (n = 187, 69.3%). <\/span>The mean BMI of patients was<\/span> 32.0<\/span> \u00b1 9.12, and more than 50% of patients (n =<\/span> 139) were in the obese category as per the World Health<\/span> Organization criteria.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The total mortality was 26.7% (n = 72).<\/span> Approximately one in every<\/span> three patients in this study (n = 87, 32.2%) requir<\/span>ed<\/span> ICU<\/span> care<\/span>.<\/span> Close to 81% (n = 219)<\/span> of patients required supplemental oxygen during <\/span>hospitalization <\/span>and 21.9%<\/span> (n = 59) required mechanical ventilation.<\/span> About 2.2% of the patients (n = 6) developed new DVT<\/span> or PE during their hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In the cohort analysis<\/span>,<\/span> vitamin D levels showed no significant<\/span> association <\/span>with mortality<\/span>, need for mechanical ventilation <\/span>, new DVT or PE<\/span> or ICU admission<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- N<\/span>o correlation between vitamin<\/span> D and mortality was noted in the total cohort when<\/span> adjustment was made for age, sex, BM, and presence of<\/span> comorbidities<\/span>.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"http:\/\/vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/09Lohia-iStock-588979628.jpg\")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Although <\/span>a<\/span> large database<\/span> of over 2000 patients<\/span> was used<\/span>, <\/span>numerous<\/span> patients did not<\/span> have recorded vitamin D levels within <\/span>the last year. This<\/span> significantly reduced the <\/span> number of patients who could be<\/span> included in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- E<\/span>lectronic medical<\/span> records and clinical notes <\/span>were relied upon <\/span>to gather data including the presence<\/span> of comorbidities and documentation of vitamin D levels.<\/span> Hence<\/span>,<\/span> there is a possibility of both selection and<\/span> information bias.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The data for this study were collected from<\/span> 4 hospitals in southeast Michigan, predominantly serving<\/span> an <\/span>underserved population having multiple comorbidities.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The <\/span>sample size consisted of very few patients with other<\/span> races besides Black and White<\/span>, <\/span><\/b>thereby limiting analysis in<\/span> th<\/span>ese population groups<\/span><\/li>\n
- Using<\/span> vitamin D <\/span>levels measured<\/span> in the year before<\/span> the patient<\/span>s contracted COVID-19 <\/span>helped avoid the negative acute phase impact of the illness<\/span> on vitamin D levels<\/span>. However,<\/span> it would<\/span> have been <\/span>better<\/span> if\u00a0<\/span> the<\/span> measurements<\/span> were taken<\/span> immediately preceding<\/span> COVID-19<\/span> infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Exploring the link between Vitamin D and clinical outcomes in COVID-19<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>This <\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cohort <\/span><\/span><\/span>study evaluated the<\/span><\/span> role of <\/span><\/span>serum <\/span><\/span>vitamin D <\/span><\/span>levels <\/span><\/span>in severe disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>in Detroit, MI <\/span><\/span>and found no association of vitamin D levels with mortality,<\/span><\/span> the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and<\/span><\/span> thromboembolism in COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand one patients who received a positive COVID-19 PCR diagnosis at Detroit Medical Center (Michigan, USA) between March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, <\/span>2020.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>B<\/span><\/span>etween March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, 20<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Of the <\/span>270 patients<\/span> included in the study<\/span>,<\/span> 117<\/span> were <\/span>male (43.3%) and 153 female (56.7%)<\/span> with a <\/span>mean age of<\/span> 63.81<\/span> \u00b1<\/span> 14.69 <\/span>years. More than half (n = 139, 51.5%) were <\/span>age<\/span> 65 and older <\/span>and<\/span> Black<\/span> was the <\/span>predominant <\/span>race<\/span> (n = 216,<\/span> 80%).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- M<\/span>ore<\/span> than one-third of the patients had <\/span>serum 25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span><<\/span> 20 ng\/mL<\/span> (n = 95, 35.2%). About 70% of patients had three or more comorbid<\/span> diseases (n = 187, 69.3%). <\/span>The mean BMI of patients was<\/span> 32.0<\/span> \u00b1 9.12, and more than 50% of patients (n =<\/span> 139) were in the obese category as per the World Health<\/span> Organization criteria.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The total mortality was 26.7% (n = 72).<\/span> Approximately one in every<\/span> three patients in this study (n = 87, 32.2%) requir<\/span>ed<\/span> ICU<\/span> care<\/span>.<\/span> Close to 81% (n = 219)<\/span> of patients required supplemental oxygen during <\/span>hospitalization <\/span>and 21.9%<\/span> (n = 59) required mechanical ventilation.<\/span> About 2.2% of the patients (n = 6) developed new DVT<\/span> or PE during their hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In the cohort analysis<\/span>,<\/span> vitamin D levels showed no significant<\/span> association <\/span>with mortality<\/span>, need for mechanical ventilation <\/span>, new DVT or PE<\/span> or ICU admission<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- N<\/span>o correlation between vitamin<\/span> D and mortality was noted in the total cohort when<\/span> adjustment was made for age, sex, BM, and presence of<\/span> comorbidities<\/span>.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Although <\/span>a<\/span> large database<\/span> of over 2000 patients<\/span> was used<\/span>, <\/span>numerous<\/span> patients did not<\/span> have recorded vitamin D levels within <\/span>the last year. This<\/span> significantly reduced the <\/span> number of patients who could be<\/span> included in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- E<\/span>lectronic medical<\/span> records and clinical notes <\/span>were relied upon <\/span>to gather data including the presence<\/span> of comorbidities and documentation of vitamin D levels.<\/span> Hence<\/span>,<\/span> there is a possibility of both selection and<\/span> information bias.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The data for this study were collected from<\/span> 4 hospitals in southeast Michigan, predominantly serving<\/span> an <\/span>underserved population having multiple comorbidities.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The <\/span>sample size consisted of very few patients with other<\/span> races besides Black and White<\/span>, <\/span><\/b>thereby limiting analysis in<\/span> th<\/span>ese population groups<\/span><\/li>\n
- Using<\/span> vitamin D <\/span>levels measured<\/span> in the year before<\/span> the patient<\/span>s contracted COVID-19 <\/span>helped avoid the negative acute phase impact of the illness<\/span> on vitamin D levels<\/span>. However,<\/span> it would<\/span> have been <\/span>better<\/span> if\u00a0<\/span> the<\/span> measurements<\/span> were taken<\/span> immediately preceding<\/span> COVID-19<\/span> infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>This <\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cohort <\/span><\/span><\/span>study evaluated the<\/span><\/span> role of <\/span><\/span>serum <\/span><\/span>vitamin D <\/span><\/span>levels <\/span><\/span>in severe disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>in Detroit, MI <\/span><\/span>and found no association of vitamin D levels with mortality,<\/span><\/span> the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and<\/span><\/span> thromboembolism in COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand one patients who received a positive COVID-19 PCR diagnosis at Detroit Medical Center (Michigan, USA) between March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, <\/span>2020.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>B<\/span><\/span>etween March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, 20<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Of the <\/span>270 patients<\/span> included in the study<\/span>,<\/span> 117<\/span> were <\/span>male (43.3%) and 153 female (56.7%)<\/span> with a <\/span>mean age of<\/span> 63.81<\/span> \u00b1<\/span> 14.69 <\/span>years. More than half (n = 139, 51.5%) were <\/span>age<\/span> 65 and older <\/span>and<\/span> Black<\/span> was the <\/span>predominant <\/span>race<\/span> (n = 216,<\/span> 80%).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- M<\/span>ore<\/span> than one-third of the patients had <\/span>serum 25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span><<\/span> 20 ng\/mL<\/span> (n = 95, 35.2%). About 70% of patients had three or more comorbid<\/span> diseases (n = 187, 69.3%). <\/span>The mean BMI of patients was<\/span> 32.0<\/span> \u00b1 9.12, and more than 50% of patients (n =<\/span> 139) were in the obese category as per the World Health<\/span> Organization criteria.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The total mortality was 26.7% (n = 72).<\/span> Approximately one in every<\/span> three patients in this study (n = 87, 32.2%) requir<\/span>ed<\/span> ICU<\/span> care<\/span>.<\/span> Close to 81% (n = 219)<\/span> of patients required supplemental oxygen during <\/span>hospitalization <\/span>and 21.9%<\/span> (n = 59) required mechanical ventilation.<\/span> About 2.2% of the patients (n = 6) developed new DVT<\/span> or PE during their hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In the cohort analysis<\/span>,<\/span> vitamin D levels showed no significant<\/span> association <\/span>with mortality<\/span>, need for mechanical ventilation <\/span>, new DVT or PE<\/span> or ICU admission<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- N<\/span>o correlation between vitamin<\/span> D and mortality was noted in the total cohort when<\/span> adjustment was made for age, sex, BM, and presence of<\/span> comorbidities<\/span>.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Although <\/span>a<\/span> large database<\/span> of over 2000 patients<\/span> was used<\/span>, <\/span>numerous<\/span> patients did not<\/span> have recorded vitamin D levels within <\/span>the last year. This<\/span> significantly reduced the <\/span> number of patients who could be<\/span> included in this study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- E<\/span>lectronic medical<\/span> records and clinical notes <\/span>were relied upon <\/span>to gather data including the presence<\/span> of comorbidities and documentation of vitamin D levels.<\/span> Hence<\/span>,<\/span> there is a possibility of both selection and<\/span> information bias.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The data for this study were collected from<\/span> 4 hospitals in southeast Michigan, predominantly serving<\/span> an <\/span>underserved population having multiple comorbidities.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The <\/span>sample size consisted of very few patients with other<\/span> races besides Black and White<\/span>, <\/span><\/b>thereby limiting analysis in<\/span> th<\/span>ese population groups<\/span><\/li>\n
- Using<\/span> vitamin D <\/span>levels measured<\/span> in the year before<\/span> the patient<\/span>s contracted COVID-19 <\/span>helped avoid the negative acute phase impact of the illness<\/span> on vitamin D levels<\/span>. However,<\/span> it would<\/span> have been <\/span>better<\/span> if\u00a0<\/span> the<\/span> measurements<\/span> were taken<\/span> immediately preceding<\/span> COVID-19<\/span> infection.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
This <\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cohort <\/span><\/span><\/span>study evaluated the<\/span><\/span> role of <\/span><\/span>serum <\/span><\/span>vitamin D <\/span><\/span>levels <\/span><\/span>in severe disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>in Detroit, MI <\/span><\/span>and found no association of vitamin D levels with mortality,<\/span><\/span> the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and<\/span><\/span> thromboembolism in COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Two-thousand one patients who received a positive COVID-19 PCR diagnosis at Detroit Medical Center (Michigan, USA) between March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, <\/span>2020.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> B<\/span><\/span>etween March 10, <\/span>2020<\/span> and June 30, 20<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>
Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>
Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>
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Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>