Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nVitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>In this <\/span><\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cross-sectional <\/span><\/span><\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/span> of 65 elderly <\/span><\/span><\/span>patients<\/span><\/span><\/span> serum<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> V<\/span><\/span>itamin D <\/span><\/span>deficiency was<\/span> associated with more<\/span><\/span> severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, and risk of death in elderly COVID-19<\/span><\/span> patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Sixty-five COVID-19 confirmed patients (mean age 76 years, mean disease duration from first symptom 13<\/span><\/span>\u00b1<\/span><\/span>13 days, 54% women) and 65 sex- and age-matched non-COVID control subjects<\/span><\/span> (from <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>Rheumatology clinic at <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>same hospital<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> All COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>required<\/span><\/span> hospitalization and were on oxygen therapy for severe respiratory failure, but none need<\/span><\/span>ed<\/span><\/span><\/span> intensive care treatment or intubation at admission. All study subjects were Caucasian<\/span><\/span> and resided in Genoa, Italy<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>All study subjects were enrolled during April and May 2020. COVID-19 patient data generated from hospital admission until discharge or death was evaluated<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than in<\/span> controls<\/span> (median <\/span>19.8<\/span> vs <\/span>40.8<\/span> n<\/span>mol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among COVID-19 patients, <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>sufficiency (><\/span>75 nmol\/<\/span>L), insufficiency (between<\/span> 50<\/span> and <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L), deficiency (between <\/span>25<\/span> and <\/span>50<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L)<\/span> and severe deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L) were observed respectively in 11, 11, 21, and 57% of <\/span>COVID-19 <\/span>patients. In <\/span>controls<\/span>, the same<\/span> 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>distribution occurred in 21, 21, 36, and 22% of subjects, respectively<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels <\/span>were associated with more<\/span> sever<\/span>e<\/span> COVID-19 lung involvement <\/span>as evaluated by CT<\/span> imaging<\/span>: in particular, <\/span>serum <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D<\/span> was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidation<\/span>s <\/span>or diffuse\/severe interstitial lung involvement (ground glass <\/span>pattern) <\/span>than in those with mild<\/span> lung involvement<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificantly lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were found in<\/span> the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived<\/span> (median <\/span>7.5<\/span> vs <\/span>21<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificant correlation<\/span>s<\/span> w<\/span>ere<\/span> observed between <\/span>low <\/span>25(OH)D<\/span> serum levels and <\/span>low <\/span>PaO2 <\/span>(p = 0.03)<\/span>,<\/span> SO2 <\/span>(p = 0.05)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>PaO2\/FiO2 <\/span>(p = 0.02)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>between <\/span>low <\/span>vitamin D serum levels and <\/span>high levels of the inflammation markers, <\/span>D-dimer <\/span>and <\/span>C-reactive protein<\/span>
Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>In this <\/span><\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cross-sectional <\/span><\/span><\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/span> of 65 elderly <\/span><\/span><\/span>patients<\/span><\/span><\/span> serum<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> V<\/span><\/span>itamin D <\/span><\/span>deficiency was<\/span> associated with more<\/span><\/span> severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, and risk of death in elderly COVID-19<\/span><\/span> patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Sixty-five COVID-19 confirmed patients (mean age 76 years, mean disease duration from first symptom 13<\/span><\/span>\u00b1<\/span><\/span>13 days, 54% women) and 65 sex- and age-matched non-COVID control subjects<\/span><\/span> (from <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>Rheumatology clinic at <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>same hospital<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> All COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>required<\/span><\/span> hospitalization and were on oxygen therapy for severe respiratory failure, but none need<\/span><\/span>ed<\/span><\/span><\/span> intensive care treatment or intubation at admission. All study subjects were Caucasian<\/span><\/span> and resided in Genoa, Italy<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>All study subjects were enrolled during April and May 2020. COVID-19 patient data generated from hospital admission until discharge or death was evaluated<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than in<\/span> controls<\/span> (median <\/span>19.8<\/span> vs <\/span>40.8<\/span> n<\/span>mol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among COVID-19 patients, <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>sufficiency (><\/span>75 nmol\/<\/span>L), insufficiency (between<\/span> 50<\/span> and <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L), deficiency (between <\/span>25<\/span> and <\/span>50<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L)<\/span> and severe deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L) were observed respectively in 11, 11, 21, and 57% of <\/span>COVID-19 <\/span>patients. In <\/span>controls<\/span>, the same<\/span> 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>distribution occurred in 21, 21, 36, and 22% of subjects, respectively<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels <\/span>were associated with more<\/span> sever<\/span>e<\/span> COVID-19 lung involvement <\/span>as evaluated by CT<\/span> imaging<\/span>: in particular, <\/span>serum <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D<\/span> was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidation<\/span>s <\/span>or diffuse\/severe interstitial lung involvement (ground glass <\/span>pattern) <\/span>than in those with mild<\/span> lung involvement<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificantly lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were found in<\/span> the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived<\/span> (median <\/span>7.5<\/span> vs <\/span>21<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificant correlation<\/span>s<\/span> w<\/span>ere<\/span> observed between <\/span>low <\/span>25(OH)D<\/span> serum levels and <\/span>low <\/span>PaO2 <\/span>(p = 0.03)<\/span>,<\/span> SO2 <\/span>(p = 0.05)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>PaO2\/FiO2 <\/span>(p = 0.02)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>between <\/span>low <\/span>vitamin D serum levels and <\/span>high levels of the inflammation markers, <\/span>D-dimer <\/span>and <\/span>C-reactive protein<\/span>
Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>In this <\/span><\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cross-sectional <\/span><\/span><\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/span> of 65 elderly <\/span><\/span><\/span>patients<\/span><\/span><\/span> serum<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> V<\/span><\/span>itamin D <\/span><\/span>deficiency was<\/span> associated with more<\/span><\/span> severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, and risk of death in elderly COVID-19<\/span><\/span> patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Sixty-five COVID-19 confirmed patients (mean age 76 years, mean disease duration from first symptom 13<\/span><\/span>\u00b1<\/span><\/span>13 days, 54% women) and 65 sex- and age-matched non-COVID control subjects<\/span><\/span> (from <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>Rheumatology clinic at <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>same hospital<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> All COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>required<\/span><\/span> hospitalization and were on oxygen therapy for severe respiratory failure, but none need<\/span><\/span>ed<\/span><\/span><\/span> intensive care treatment or intubation at admission. All study subjects were Caucasian<\/span><\/span> and resided in Genoa, Italy<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>All study subjects were enrolled during April and May 2020. COVID-19 patient data generated from hospital admission until discharge or death was evaluated<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than in<\/span> controls<\/span> (median <\/span>19.8<\/span> vs <\/span>40.8<\/span> n<\/span>mol\/L).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among COVID-19 patients, <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>sufficiency (><\/span>75 nmol\/<\/span>L), insufficiency (between<\/span> 50<\/span> and <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L), deficiency (between <\/span>25<\/span> and <\/span>50<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L)<\/span> and severe deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L) were observed respectively in 11, 11, 21, and 57% of <\/span>COVID-19 <\/span>patients. In <\/span>controls<\/span>, the same<\/span> 25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>distribution occurred in 21, 21, 36, and 22% of subjects, respectively<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels <\/span>were associated with more<\/span> sever<\/span>e<\/span> COVID-19 lung involvement <\/span>as evaluated by CT<\/span> imaging<\/span>: in particular, <\/span>serum <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D<\/span> was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidation<\/span>s <\/span>or diffuse\/severe interstitial lung involvement (ground glass <\/span>pattern) <\/span>than in those with mild<\/span> lung involvement<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificantly lower <\/span>25<\/span>(<\/span>OH<\/span>)<\/span>D <\/span>serum levels were found in<\/span> the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived<\/span> (median <\/span>7.5<\/span> vs <\/span>21<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>ignificant correlation<\/span>s<\/span> w<\/span>ere<\/span> observed between <\/span>low <\/span>25(OH)D<\/span> serum levels and <\/span>low <\/span>PaO2 <\/span>(p = 0.03)<\/span>,<\/span> SO2 <\/span>(p = 0.05)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>PaO2\/FiO2 <\/span>(p = 0.02)<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>between <\/span>low <\/span>vitamin D serum levels and <\/span>high levels of the inflammation markers, <\/span>D-dimer <\/span>and <\/span>C-reactive protein<\/span>
In this <\/span><\/span><\/span>retrospective <\/span><\/span><\/span>cross-sectional <\/span><\/span><\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/span> of 65 elderly <\/span><\/span><\/span>patients<\/span><\/span><\/span> serum<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> V<\/span><\/span>itamin D <\/span><\/span>deficiency was<\/span> associated with more<\/span><\/span> severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, and risk of death in elderly COVID-19<\/span><\/span> patients.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Sixty-five COVID-19 confirmed patients (mean age 76 years, mean disease duration from first symptom 13<\/span><\/span>\u00b1<\/span><\/span>13 days, 54% women) and 65 sex- and age-matched non-COVID control subjects<\/span><\/span> (from <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>Rheumatology clinic at <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>same hospital<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> All COVID-19 patients <\/span><\/span>required<\/span><\/span> hospitalization and were on oxygen therapy for severe respiratory failure, but none need<\/span><\/span>ed<\/span><\/span><\/span> intensive care treatment or intubation at admission. All study subjects were Caucasian<\/span><\/span> and resided in Genoa, Italy<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> All study subjects were enrolled during April and May 2020. COVID-19 patient data generated from hospital admission until discharge or death was evaluated<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>
Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>
Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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