Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nVitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 positivity and severity of the disease<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among<\/span><\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> Turkey <\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>his<\/span><\/span><\/span> retrospective cohort study<\/span><\/span><\/span>, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span><\/span>75<\/span><\/span> n<\/span><\/span>mol<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span> had<\/span><\/span> significantly<\/span><\/span><\/span> lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels<\/span><\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span><\/span><\/span>, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span><\/span>No difference was<\/span><\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand six-hundred patients >18 years <\/span>and <\/span>with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 during the study period in <\/span>Tokat<\/span>, Turkey (39<\/span>\u00b0<\/span>52\u2019 N latitude).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>March 30<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>2020<\/span> to <\/span><\/span>November 1, 2020<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Vitamin D levels were below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> in 94.27% of COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.32 \u00b1 1.24 years<\/span> and 56.54% women) while 93.07% of non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.63 \u00b1 1.30 years and 59.50% women) had vitamin D levels<\/span> below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- V<\/span>ery severe vitamin D deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>) was<\/span> considerably more common in COVID\u201019 patients (44%) (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.15 \u00b1 1.89<\/span> years and 57.57% women) than in non\u2010COVID\u201019 ones (31%)<\/span> (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.50 \u00b1 2.21 years and 62.5% women).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among<\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> had<\/span> significantly lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- No difference was<\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender distribution.<\/span> There were no significant differences<\/span> among the four groups for <\/span>white blood count<\/span>,<\/span> hemoglobin<\/span>, <\/span>platelet count<\/span>, <\/span>mean platelet volume<\/span>, fasting glucose,<\/span> urea, creatinine, <\/span>alanine aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>aspartate aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>potassium<\/span>, <\/span>sodium<\/span> and <\/span>calcium<\/span> levels, and neutrophil and<\/span> lymphocyte counts.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
![](\"http:\/\/vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/14Demir-iStock-1254958416.jpg\")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Given the observational design of this study, it is unable to discern causal relationships<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Vitamin D deficiency could<\/span> be due to various chronic conditions or behavioral factors, which<\/span> themselves might be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In<\/span> addition, the study covered data <\/span>limited to<\/span> the electronic<\/span> database of <\/span>Tokat<\/span> State Hospital<\/span> and may only be applicable to the Turkish population<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In the present single\u2010centered retrospective cohort study, vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk. The COVID\u201019\u2010positive individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels had significantly lower blood levels of D\u2010dimer, inflammatory marker CRP, reduced frequencies of ground\u2010glass opacity appearance in chest CT scans and shorter hospital stays. The findings of the study indicated the need for randomized studies to determine whether the vitamin D level could affect COVID\u201019 risk.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- The design is a r<\/span>etrospective cohort study<\/span>.<\/span>
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 positivity and severity of the disease<\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among<\/span><\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> Turkey <\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>his<\/span><\/span><\/span> retrospective cohort study<\/span><\/span><\/span>, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span><\/span>75<\/span><\/span> n<\/span><\/span>mol<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span> had<\/span><\/span> significantly<\/span><\/span><\/span> lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels<\/span><\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span><\/span><\/span>, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span><\/span>No difference was<\/span><\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand six-hundred patients >18 years <\/span>and <\/span>with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 during the study period in <\/span>Tokat<\/span>, Turkey (39<\/span>\u00b0<\/span>52\u2019 N latitude).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>March 30<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>2020<\/span> to <\/span><\/span>November 1, 2020<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Vitamin D levels were below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> in 94.27% of COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.32 \u00b1 1.24 years<\/span> and 56.54% women) while 93.07% of non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.63 \u00b1 1.30 years and 59.50% women) had vitamin D levels<\/span> below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- V<\/span>ery severe vitamin D deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>) was<\/span> considerably more common in COVID\u201019 patients (44%) (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.15 \u00b1 1.89<\/span> years and 57.57% women) than in non\u2010COVID\u201019 ones (31%)<\/span> (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.50 \u00b1 2.21 years and 62.5% women).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among<\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> had<\/span> significantly lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- No difference was<\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender distribution.<\/span> There were no significant differences<\/span> among the four groups for <\/span>white blood count<\/span>,<\/span> hemoglobin<\/span>, <\/span>platelet count<\/span>, <\/span>mean platelet volume<\/span>, fasting glucose,<\/span> urea, creatinine, <\/span>alanine aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>aspartate aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>potassium<\/span>, <\/span>sodium<\/span> and <\/span>calcium<\/span> levels, and neutrophil and<\/span> lymphocyte counts.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Given the observational design of this study, it is unable to discern causal relationships<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Vitamin D deficiency could<\/span> be due to various chronic conditions or behavioral factors, which<\/span> themselves might be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In<\/span> addition, the study covered data <\/span>limited to<\/span> the electronic<\/span> database of <\/span>Tokat<\/span> State Hospital<\/span> and may only be applicable to the Turkish population<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In the present single\u2010centered retrospective cohort study, vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk. The COVID\u201019\u2010positive individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels had significantly lower blood levels of D\u2010dimer, inflammatory marker CRP, reduced frequencies of ground\u2010glass opacity appearance in chest CT scans and shorter hospital stays. The findings of the study indicated the need for randomized studies to determine whether the vitamin D level could affect COVID\u201019 risk.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- The design is a r<\/span>etrospective cohort study<\/span>.<\/span>
Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among<\/span><\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> Turkey <\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>his<\/span><\/span><\/span> retrospective cohort study<\/span><\/span><\/span>, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span><\/span>75<\/span><\/span> n<\/span><\/span>mol<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span> had<\/span><\/span> significantly<\/span><\/span><\/span> lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels<\/span><\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span><\/span><\/span>, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span><\/span>No difference was<\/span><\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Two-thousand six-hundred patients >18 years <\/span>and <\/span>with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 during the study period in <\/span>Tokat<\/span>, Turkey (39<\/span>\u00b0<\/span>52\u2019 N latitude).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>March 30<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>2020<\/span> to <\/span><\/span>November 1, 2020<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Vitamin D levels were below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> in 94.27% of COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.32 \u00b1 1.24 years<\/span> and 56.54% women) while 93.07% of non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.63 \u00b1 1.30 years and 59.50% women) had vitamin D levels<\/span> below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- V<\/span>ery severe vitamin D deficiency (<<\/span>25<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span>) was<\/span> considerably more common in COVID\u201019 patients (44%) (average age<\/span>=<\/span>44.15 \u00b1 1.89<\/span> years and 57.57% women) than in non\u2010COVID\u201019 ones (31%)<\/span> (average age<\/span>=<\/span>46.50 \u00b1 2.21 years and 62.5% women).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Among<\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/<\/span>L<\/span> had<\/span> significantly lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- No difference was<\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender distribution.<\/span> There were no significant differences<\/span> among the four groups for <\/span>white blood count<\/span>,<\/span> hemoglobin<\/span>, <\/span>platelet count<\/span>, <\/span>mean platelet volume<\/span>, fasting glucose,<\/span> urea, creatinine, <\/span>alanine aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>aspartate aminotransferase<\/span>, <\/span>potassium<\/span>, <\/span>sodium<\/span> and <\/span>calcium<\/span> levels, and neutrophil and<\/span> lymphocyte counts.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- Given the observational design of this study, it is unable to discern causal relationships<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Vitamin D deficiency could<\/span> be due to various chronic conditions or behavioral factors, which<\/span> themselves might be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- In<\/span> addition, the study covered data <\/span>limited to<\/span> the electronic<\/span> database of <\/span>Tokat<\/span> State Hospital<\/span> and may only be applicable to the Turkish population<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In the present single\u2010centered retrospective cohort study, vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk. The COVID\u201019\u2010positive individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels had significantly lower blood levels of D\u2010dimer, inflammatory marker CRP, reduced frequencies of ground\u2010glass opacity appearance in chest CT scans and shorter hospital stays. The findings of the study indicated the need for randomized studies to determine whether the vitamin D level could affect COVID\u201019 risk.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- The design is a r<\/span>etrospective cohort study<\/span>.<\/span>
Among<\/span><\/span> COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> Turkey <\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>his<\/span><\/span><\/span> retrospective cohort study<\/span><\/span><\/span>, the group with vitamin D levels of ><\/span><\/span>75<\/span><\/span> n<\/span><\/span>mol<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span> had<\/span><\/span> significantly<\/span><\/span><\/span> lower D\u2010dimer and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels<\/span><\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span><\/span><\/span>, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. <\/span><\/span>No difference was<\/span><\/span> found among the groups in terms of age and gender.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Two-thousand six-hundred patients >18 years <\/span>and <\/span>with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 during the study period in <\/span>Tokat<\/span>, Turkey (39<\/span>\u00b0<\/span>52\u2019 N latitude).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> March 30<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>2020<\/span> to <\/span><\/span>November 1, 2020<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> In the present single\u2010centered retrospective cohort study, vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with a higher COVID\u201019 risk. The COVID\u201019\u2010positive individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels had significantly lower blood levels of D\u2010dimer, inflammatory marker CRP, reduced frequencies of ground\u2010glass opacity appearance in chest CT scans and shorter hospital stays. The findings of the study indicated the need for randomized studies to determine whether the vitamin D level could affect COVID\u201019 risk.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>
Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>
Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>
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Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/h2><\/div>
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