Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nVitamin D Status Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality and Mechanical Ventilation: A Cohort of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among patients admitted with laboratory-<\/span>confirmed\u00a0<\/span><\/span> COVID<\/span>-19, <\/span><\/span>low <\/span><\/span>serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]<\/span><\/span> levels were associated with <\/span><\/span>greater <\/span><\/span>in-hospital mortality and<\/span><\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/span><\/span> Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings, and randomized clinical trials must<\/span><\/span> be conducted to assess the role of vitamin D administration in improving the morbidity and mortality<\/span><\/span> of COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Eligible participants were <\/span>144 <\/span>hospitalized adult patients<\/span> with laboratory-confirmed <\/span>(polymerase chain reaction; PCR)<\/span> COVID-19 <\/span>in Boston and New York City (<\/span>Beth<\/span> Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston,<\/span> Massachusetts, and Montefiore Medical Center<\/span> in the Bronx, New York<\/span>)<\/span> for whom necessary infor<\/span>ma<\/span>tion was <\/span>available<\/span>.<\/span> The study population consisted of 144 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (80 [55.6%] women; median age, 66 years; range, 55-74 years). Of the 144 patients, 60 (41.7%) were non-Hispanic Black, 42 (29.2%) non-Hispanic White and 33 (22.9%) Hispanic\/Latino.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>Between <\/span>February 1, 2020<\/span> and <\/span>May 15, 2020\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Overall, i<\/span>n-hospital mortality was 18%. Patients with 25(OH)D levels of <\/span>75 <\/span>n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L and higher had lower rates of mortality<\/span> compared with those with levels below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L (9.2% vs 25.3%; <\/span>P<\/span><\/i>=0<\/span>.02).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- When the d<\/span>emographic and clinical characteristics<\/span> of the patients and their pre-existing medical conditions were included in the data analysis, higher serum <\/span>25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> significantly associated with <\/span>reduced<\/span> in-hospital<\/span> mortality\u00a0<\/span> and<\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Increasing age,<\/span> chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<\/span> and active malignant disease were<\/span> also independently associated with in<\/span>–<\/span>hospital<\/span> mortality. <\/span>A<\/span>n association<\/span> with invasive mechanical ventilation was<\/span> observed for <\/span>end-stage renal disease<\/span>, C<\/span>-reactive protein<\/span> level<\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span> and corticosteroid<\/span> use. <\/span>C<\/span>orticosteroids<\/span> appeared to be <\/span>administered in critically<\/span> ill patients needing invasive mechanical<\/span> ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
![](\"http:\/\/vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/19Angelidi-iStock-944646390.jpg\")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- The s<\/span>ample<\/span> size was relatively small<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A<\/span>pproximately half of the patients (73<\/span> [51%]) did not have 25(OH)D measurements<\/span> available during their hospitalization (instead<\/span> within 6 months before the initiation of <\/span>the<\/span> study), which raises the possibility that some<\/span> of the participants<\/span> might have received<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D supplementation before hospitalization that<\/span> was not recorded in the <\/span>electronic medical record.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>easonal variability may affect<\/span> 25(OH)D concentration, and the results may<\/span> be lower in winter months. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>he ability to<\/span> draw causal inferences is limited by the retrospective<\/span> design of <\/span>the<\/span> study.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In a<\/span>dults admitted to the hospital with<\/span> laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 25(OH)D<\/span> levels were independently associated with<\/span> in-hospital mortality and need for invasive <\/span>mechanical ventilation. <\/span>However, g<\/span>iven the<\/span> lack of consistent benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill in randomized<\/span> trials, observational trials of <\/span>vitamin <\/span>D <\/span>s<\/span>tatus<\/span> and COVID-19 outcomes should be<\/span> interpreted with caution.<\/span> Given the safe profile and low cost, further investigation of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 with randomized trials is warranted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- This study was a<\/span> retrospective, observational, cohort study conducted at 2 tertiary academic<\/span> medical centers in Boston and New York.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Demographic and<\/span>
Vitamin D Status Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality and Mechanical Ventilation: A Cohort of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among patients admitted with laboratory-<\/span>confirmed\u00a0<\/span><\/span> COVID<\/span>-19, <\/span><\/span>low <\/span><\/span>serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]<\/span><\/span> levels were associated with <\/span><\/span>greater <\/span><\/span>in-hospital mortality and<\/span><\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/span><\/span> Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings, and randomized clinical trials must<\/span><\/span> be conducted to assess the role of vitamin D administration in improving the morbidity and mortality<\/span><\/span> of COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Eligible participants were <\/span>144 <\/span>hospitalized adult patients<\/span> with laboratory-confirmed <\/span>(polymerase chain reaction; PCR)<\/span> COVID-19 <\/span>in Boston and New York City (<\/span>Beth<\/span> Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston,<\/span> Massachusetts, and Montefiore Medical Center<\/span> in the Bronx, New York<\/span>)<\/span> for whom necessary infor<\/span>ma<\/span>tion was <\/span>available<\/span>.<\/span> The study population consisted of 144 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (80 [55.6%] women; median age, 66 years; range, 55-74 years). Of the 144 patients, 60 (41.7%) were non-Hispanic Black, 42 (29.2%) non-Hispanic White and 33 (22.9%) Hispanic\/Latino.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>Between <\/span>February 1, 2020<\/span> and <\/span>May 15, 2020\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Overall, i<\/span>n-hospital mortality was 18%. Patients with 25(OH)D levels of <\/span>75 <\/span>n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L and higher had lower rates of mortality<\/span> compared with those with levels below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L (9.2% vs 25.3%; <\/span>P<\/span><\/i>=0<\/span>.02).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- When the d<\/span>emographic and clinical characteristics<\/span> of the patients and their pre-existing medical conditions were included in the data analysis, higher serum <\/span>25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> significantly associated with <\/span>reduced<\/span> in-hospital<\/span> mortality\u00a0<\/span> and<\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Increasing age,<\/span> chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<\/span> and active malignant disease were<\/span> also independently associated with in<\/span>–<\/span>hospital<\/span> mortality. <\/span>A<\/span>n association<\/span> with invasive mechanical ventilation was<\/span> observed for <\/span>end-stage renal disease<\/span>, C<\/span>-reactive protein<\/span> level<\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span> and corticosteroid<\/span> use. <\/span>C<\/span>orticosteroids<\/span> appeared to be <\/span>administered in critically<\/span> ill patients needing invasive mechanical<\/span> ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- The s<\/span>ample<\/span> size was relatively small<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A<\/span>pproximately half of the patients (73<\/span> [51%]) did not have 25(OH)D measurements<\/span> available during their hospitalization (instead<\/span> within 6 months before the initiation of <\/span>the<\/span> study), which raises the possibility that some<\/span> of the participants<\/span> might have received<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D supplementation before hospitalization that<\/span> was not recorded in the <\/span>electronic medical record.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>easonal variability may affect<\/span> 25(OH)D concentration, and the results may<\/span> be lower in winter months. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>he ability to<\/span> draw causal inferences is limited by the retrospective<\/span> design of <\/span>the<\/span> study.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In a<\/span>dults admitted to the hospital with<\/span> laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 25(OH)D<\/span> levels were independently associated with<\/span> in-hospital mortality and need for invasive <\/span>mechanical ventilation. <\/span>However, g<\/span>iven the<\/span> lack of consistent benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill in randomized<\/span> trials, observational trials of <\/span>vitamin <\/span>D <\/span>s<\/span>tatus<\/span> and COVID-19 outcomes should be<\/span> interpreted with caution.<\/span> Given the safe profile and low cost, further investigation of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 with randomized trials is warranted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- This study was a<\/span> retrospective, observational, cohort study conducted at 2 tertiary academic<\/span> medical centers in Boston and New York.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Demographic and<\/span>
Take Home Message<\/h2><\/div>Among patients admitted with laboratory-<\/span>confirmed\u00a0<\/span><\/span> COVID<\/span>-19, <\/span><\/span>low <\/span><\/span>serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]<\/span><\/span> levels were associated with <\/span><\/span>greater <\/span><\/span>in-hospital mortality and<\/span><\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/span><\/span> Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings, and randomized clinical trials must<\/span><\/span> be conducted to assess the role of vitamin D administration in improving the morbidity and mortality<\/span><\/span> of COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>Eligible participants were <\/span>144 <\/span>hospitalized adult patients<\/span> with laboratory-confirmed <\/span>(polymerase chain reaction; PCR)<\/span> COVID-19 <\/span>in Boston and New York City (<\/span>Beth<\/span> Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston,<\/span> Massachusetts, and Montefiore Medical Center<\/span> in the Bronx, New York<\/span>)<\/span> for whom necessary infor<\/span>ma<\/span>tion was <\/span>available<\/span>.<\/span> The study population consisted of 144 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (80 [55.6%] women; median age, 66 years; range, 55-74 years). Of the 144 patients, 60 (41.7%) were non-Hispanic Black, 42 (29.2%) non-Hispanic White and 33 (22.9%) Hispanic\/Latino.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>Between <\/span>February 1, 2020<\/span> and <\/span>May 15, 2020\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Overall, i<\/span>n-hospital mortality was 18%. Patients with 25(OH)D levels of <\/span>75 <\/span>n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L and higher had lower rates of mortality<\/span> compared with those with levels below <\/span>75<\/span> n<\/span>mol<\/span>\/L (9.2% vs 25.3%; <\/span>P<\/span><\/i>=0<\/span>.02).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- When the d<\/span>emographic and clinical characteristics<\/span> of the patients and their pre-existing medical conditions were included in the data analysis, higher serum <\/span>25(OH)D <\/span>levels <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> significantly associated with <\/span>reduced<\/span> in-hospital<\/span> mortality\u00a0<\/span> and<\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Increasing age,<\/span> chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<\/span> and active malignant disease were<\/span> also independently associated with in<\/span>–<\/span>hospital<\/span> mortality. <\/span>A<\/span>n association<\/span> with invasive mechanical ventilation was<\/span> observed for <\/span>end-stage renal disease<\/span>, C<\/span>-reactive protein<\/span> level<\/span> (a marker of inflammation)<\/span> and corticosteroid<\/span> use. <\/span>C<\/span>orticosteroids<\/span> appeared to be <\/span>administered in critically<\/span> ill patients needing invasive mechanical<\/span> ventilation<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>\n- The s<\/span>ample<\/span> size was relatively small<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- A<\/span>pproximately half of the patients (73<\/span> [51%]) did not have 25(OH)D measurements<\/span> available during their hospitalization (instead<\/span> within 6 months before the initiation of <\/span>the<\/span> study), which raises the possibility that some<\/span> of the participants<\/span> might have received<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D supplementation before hospitalization that<\/span> was not recorded in the <\/span>electronic medical record.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- S<\/span>easonal variability may affect<\/span> 25(OH)D concentration, and the results may<\/span> be lower in winter months. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>he ability to<\/span> draw causal inferences is limited by the retrospective<\/span> design of <\/span>the<\/span> study.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>In a<\/span>dults admitted to the hospital with<\/span> laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 25(OH)D<\/span> levels were independently associated with<\/span> in-hospital mortality and need for invasive <\/span>mechanical ventilation. <\/span>However, g<\/span>iven the<\/span> lack of consistent benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill in randomized<\/span> trials, observational trials of <\/span>vitamin <\/span>D <\/span>s<\/span>tatus<\/span> and COVID-19 outcomes should be<\/span> interpreted with caution.<\/span> Given the safe profile and low cost, further investigation of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 with randomized trials is warranted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Study Design<\/h2><\/div>\n- This study was a<\/span> retrospective, observational, cohort study conducted at 2 tertiary academic<\/span> medical centers in Boston and New York.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Demographic and<\/span>
Among patients admitted with laboratory-<\/span>confirmed\u00a0<\/span><\/span> COVID<\/span>-19, <\/span><\/span>low <\/span><\/span>serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]<\/span><\/span> levels were associated with <\/span><\/span>greater <\/span><\/span>in-hospital mortality and<\/span><\/span> need for invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/span><\/span> Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings, and randomized clinical trials must<\/span><\/span> be conducted to assess the role of vitamin D administration in improving the morbidity and mortality<\/span><\/span> of COVID-19.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Eligible participants were <\/span>144 <\/span>hospitalized adult patients<\/span> with laboratory-confirmed <\/span>(polymerase chain reaction; PCR)<\/span> COVID-19 <\/span>in Boston and New York City (<\/span>Beth<\/span> Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston,<\/span> Massachusetts, and Montefiore Medical Center<\/span> in the Bronx, New York<\/span>)<\/span> for whom necessary infor<\/span>ma<\/span>tion was <\/span>available<\/span>.<\/span> The study population consisted of 144 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (80 [55.6%] women; median age, 66 years; range, 55-74 years). Of the 144 patients, 60 (41.7%) were non-Hispanic Black, 42 (29.2%) non-Hispanic White and 33 (22.9%) Hispanic\/Latino.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Between <\/span>February 1, 2020<\/span> and <\/span>May 15, 2020\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> In a<\/span>dults admitted to the hospital with<\/span> laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 25(OH)D<\/span> levels were independently associated with<\/span> in-hospital mortality and need for invasive <\/span>mechanical ventilation. <\/span>However, g<\/span>iven the<\/span> lack of consistent benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill in randomized<\/span> trials, observational trials of <\/span>vitamin <\/span>D <\/span>s<\/span>tatus<\/span> and COVID-19 outcomes should be<\/span> interpreted with caution.<\/span> Given the safe profile and low cost, further investigation of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 with randomized trials is warranted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/h2><\/div>
Length of Study<\/h2><\/div>
Results<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/h2><\/div>
\n
Author\u2019s Conclusions<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
”<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Study Design<\/h2><\/div>
\n