Review the Research<\/p>\n
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nAn Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>After adjusting<\/span><\/span> for <\/span><\/span>demographic<\/span><\/span> variables<\/span><\/span> and comorbidities, this retrospective analysis of COVID-positive patients in New York City<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> shows<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>significant association between<\/span><\/span> low 25(OH)D levels and <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span> increased likelihood of <\/span><\/span>need for <\/span><\/span>oxygen<\/span><\/span> support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Four-hundred thirty-seven adult <\/span>COVID-19 patients within the Mount Sinai Health<\/span> System<\/span> (New York City ) <\/span>who had serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level<\/span>s [<\/span>25(OH)D<\/span>]<\/span> drawn<\/span> within the three months <\/span>preceding<\/span> their COVID-19<\/span> diagnosis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study
\n<\/span><\/p><\/h2><\/div>B<\/span>etween March 1, 2020 and May 8, 2020<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/b>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Included in the study were <\/span>437 COVID-19 <\/span>positive <\/span>patients <\/span>with 25(OH)D measurements recorded in the prior 3 months<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The overall population was older<\/span> [<\/span>median, <\/span>67 years<\/span>; range, 56-79 years<\/span>] with <\/span>52% (227\/437) women and <\/span>the main comorbidities being<\/span> hypertension (68%), diabetes (45%), coronary artery disease<\/span> (30%) and malignancy (24%).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were 177 patients classified<\/span> as vitamin D deficient <\/span>(<50 nmol\/L) <\/span>compared to 260 patients who<\/span> were vitamin D sufficient<\/span> (<\/span>\u00b3<\/span>50 nmol\/L)<\/span>. <\/span>M<\/span>ore<\/span> males were vitamin D deficient compared to vitamin D<\/span> sufficient (97, 55% vs 113, 43%, p.0.02) <\/span>as were<\/span> patients <\/span>with<\/span> chronic kidney disease (49, 28% vs<\/span> 44, 17%, p.0.008).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient<\/span> plasma 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng\/ml) were associated with an increased likelihood of oxygen<\/span> support [OR:2.23 (95% CI: 1.46\u20133.44, p.0.0002)] from COVID-19<\/span> when demographic variables and comorbidities were considered<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient plasma 25(OH)D levels<\/span> were not independently associated with 90-day mortality or risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Hospitalization<\/span> rates (98%), oxygen support (93%) and mortality rates (49%) were highest in patients who had<\/span> 25(OH)D levels less than 10 ng\/ml when compared to other 25(OH)D levels.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
![](\"http:\/\/vitamindandme.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/5Gavioli-iStock-1206746727-1.jpg\")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Severa<\/span>l <\/span>demographic variables were not assessed and therefore not<\/span> controlled, including <\/span>nursing home residen<\/span>cy<\/span> or<\/span> bed bound<\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>socioeconomic <\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>and <\/span>g<\/span>enotype <\/span>and\/<\/span>or condition that impair<\/span>s<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D metabolism such as <\/span> medication, malnutrition<\/span> or bariatric surgery.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- This study was retrospective<\/span> in nature<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was no comparison to healthy<\/span> patients who did not have COVID-19 disease, but also had<\/span> serum 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, it is unknown the protective<\/span> benefits vitamin D has on obtaining the disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- I<\/span>ntensive care unit<\/span> (ICU) admission<\/span> was not evaluated<\/span>, as this data point was difficult to gather as<\/span> many of <\/span>the medical center\u2019s<\/span> medicine wards became ICUs during the pandemic.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The authors did not set mortality at 15-day mortality or<\/span> 3<\/span>0-day mortality due to <\/span>the <\/span>small sample size, and the<\/span> extended hospital stays the patients were experiencing at <\/span>the medical center<\/span>. <\/span>The addition of patient data from the second wave of COVID-19 <\/span>infections seen <\/span>during Fall 2020 would increase the sample size and robustness of the data set.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>here is no consensus on the cutoff of vitamin D<\/span> sufficiency. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines vitamin D<\/span> deficiency as serum 25(OH)D<\/span> <50 nmol\/<\/span>L<\/span>, yet many<\/span> studies <\/span>utilize <\/span>different cutoffs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
An Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div>Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>After adjusting<\/span><\/span> for <\/span><\/span>demographic<\/span><\/span> variables<\/span><\/span> and comorbidities, this retrospective analysis of COVID-positive patients in New York City<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> shows<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>significant association between<\/span><\/span> low 25(OH)D levels and <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span> increased likelihood of <\/span><\/span>need for <\/span><\/span>oxygen<\/span><\/span> support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Four-hundred thirty-seven adult <\/span>COVID-19 patients within the Mount Sinai Health<\/span> System<\/span> (New York City ) <\/span>who had serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level<\/span>s [<\/span>25(OH)D<\/span>]<\/span> drawn<\/span> within the three months <\/span>preceding<\/span> their COVID-19<\/span> diagnosis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study
\n<\/span><\/p><\/h2><\/div>B<\/span>etween March 1, 2020 and May 8, 2020<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/b>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Included in the study were <\/span>437 COVID-19 <\/span>positive <\/span>patients <\/span>with 25(OH)D measurements recorded in the prior 3 months<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The overall population was older<\/span> [<\/span>median, <\/span>67 years<\/span>; range, 56-79 years<\/span>] with <\/span>52% (227\/437) women and <\/span>the main comorbidities being<\/span> hypertension (68%), diabetes (45%), coronary artery disease<\/span> (30%) and malignancy (24%).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were 177 patients classified<\/span> as vitamin D deficient <\/span>(<50 nmol\/L) <\/span>compared to 260 patients who<\/span> were vitamin D sufficient<\/span> (<\/span>\u00b3<\/span>50 nmol\/L)<\/span>. <\/span>M<\/span>ore<\/span> males were vitamin D deficient compared to vitamin D<\/span> sufficient (97, 55% vs 113, 43%, p.0.02) <\/span>as were<\/span> patients <\/span>with<\/span> chronic kidney disease (49, 28% vs<\/span> 44, 17%, p.0.008).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient<\/span> plasma 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng\/ml) were associated with an increased likelihood of oxygen<\/span> support [OR:2.23 (95% CI: 1.46\u20133.44, p.0.0002)] from COVID-19<\/span> when demographic variables and comorbidities were considered<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient plasma 25(OH)D levels<\/span> were not independently associated with 90-day mortality or risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Hospitalization<\/span> rates (98%), oxygen support (93%) and mortality rates (49%) were highest in patients who had<\/span> 25(OH)D levels less than 10 ng\/ml when compared to other 25(OH)D levels.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Severa<\/span>l <\/span>demographic variables were not assessed and therefore not<\/span> controlled, including <\/span>nursing home residen<\/span>cy<\/span> or<\/span> bed bound<\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>socioeconomic <\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>and <\/span>g<\/span>enotype <\/span>and\/<\/span>or condition that impair<\/span>s<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D metabolism such as <\/span> medication, malnutrition<\/span> or bariatric surgery.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- This study was retrospective<\/span> in nature<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was no comparison to healthy<\/span> patients who did not have COVID-19 disease, but also had<\/span> serum 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, it is unknown the protective<\/span> benefits vitamin D has on obtaining the disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- I<\/span>ntensive care unit<\/span> (ICU) admission<\/span> was not evaluated<\/span>, as this data point was difficult to gather as<\/span> many of <\/span>the medical center\u2019s<\/span> medicine wards became ICUs during the pandemic.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The authors did not set mortality at 15-day mortality or<\/span> 3<\/span>0-day mortality due to <\/span>the <\/span>small sample size, and the<\/span> extended hospital stays the patients were experiencing at <\/span>the medical center<\/span>. <\/span>The addition of patient data from the second wave of COVID-19 <\/span>infections seen <\/span>during Fall 2020 would increase the sample size and robustness of the data set.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>here is no consensus on the cutoff of vitamin D<\/span> sufficiency. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines vitamin D<\/span> deficiency as serum 25(OH)D<\/span> <50 nmol\/<\/span>L<\/span>, yet many<\/span> studies <\/span>utilize <\/span>different cutoffs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Take Home Message<\/span><\/h2><\/div>After adjusting<\/span><\/span> for <\/span><\/span>demographic<\/span><\/span> variables<\/span><\/span> and comorbidities, this retrospective analysis of COVID-positive patients in New York City<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> shows<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>significant association between<\/span><\/span> low 25(OH)D levels and <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span> increased likelihood of <\/span><\/span>need for <\/span><\/span>oxygen<\/span><\/span> support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>Four-hundred thirty-seven adult <\/span>COVID-19 patients within the Mount Sinai Health<\/span> System<\/span> (New York City ) <\/span>who had serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level<\/span>s [<\/span>25(OH)D<\/span>]<\/span> drawn<\/span> within the three months <\/span>preceding<\/span> their COVID-19<\/span> diagnosis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Length of Study
\n<\/span><\/p><\/h2><\/div>B<\/span>etween March 1, 2020 and May 8, 2020<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/b>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n- Included in the study were <\/span>437 COVID-19 <\/span>positive <\/span>patients <\/span>with 25(OH)D measurements recorded in the prior 3 months<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The overall population was older<\/span> [<\/span>median, <\/span>67 years<\/span>; range, 56-79 years<\/span>] with <\/span>52% (227\/437) women and <\/span>the main comorbidities being<\/span> hypertension (68%), diabetes (45%), coronary artery disease<\/span> (30%) and malignancy (24%).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- There were 177 patients classified<\/span> as vitamin D deficient <\/span>(<50 nmol\/L) <\/span>compared to 260 patients who<\/span> were vitamin D sufficient<\/span> (<\/span>\u00b3<\/span>50 nmol\/L)<\/span>. <\/span>M<\/span>ore<\/span> males were vitamin D deficient compared to vitamin D<\/span> sufficient (97, 55% vs 113, 43%, p.0.02) <\/span>as were<\/span> patients <\/span>with<\/span> chronic kidney disease (49, 28% vs<\/span> 44, 17%, p.0.008).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient<\/span> plasma 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng\/ml) were associated with an increased likelihood of oxygen<\/span> support [OR:2.23 (95% CI: 1.46\u20133.44, p.0.0002)] from COVID-19<\/span> when demographic variables and comorbidities were considered<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Deficient plasma 25(OH)D levels<\/span> were not independently associated with 90-day mortality or risk of hospitalization.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Hospitalization<\/span> rates (98%), oxygen support (93%) and mortality rates (49%) were highest in patients who had<\/span> 25(OH)D levels less than 10 ng\/ml when compared to other 25(OH)D levels.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n- Severa<\/span>l <\/span>demographic variables were not assessed and therefore not<\/span> controlled, including <\/span>nursing home residen<\/span>cy<\/span> or<\/span> bed bound<\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>socioeconomic <\/span> status<\/span>; <\/span>and <\/span>g<\/span>enotype <\/span>and\/<\/span>or condition that impair<\/span>s<\/span> vitamin<\/span> D metabolism such as <\/span> medication, malnutrition<\/span> or bariatric surgery.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- This study was retrospective<\/span> in nature<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- There was no comparison to healthy<\/span> patients who did not have COVID-19 disease, but also had<\/span> serum 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, it is unknown the protective<\/span> benefits vitamin D has on obtaining the disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- I<\/span>ntensive care unit<\/span> (ICU) admission<\/span> was not evaluated<\/span>, as this data point was difficult to gather as<\/span> many of <\/span>the medical center\u2019s<\/span> medicine wards became ICUs during the pandemic.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- The authors did not set mortality at 15-day mortality or<\/span> 3<\/span>0-day mortality due to <\/span>the <\/span>small sample size, and the<\/span> extended hospital stays the patients were experiencing at <\/span>the medical center<\/span>. <\/span>The addition of patient data from the second wave of COVID-19 <\/span>infections seen <\/span>during Fall 2020 would increase the sample size and robustness of the data set.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- T<\/span>here is no consensus on the cutoff of vitamin D<\/span> sufficiency. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines vitamin D<\/span> deficiency as serum 25(OH)D<\/span> <50 nmol\/<\/span>L<\/span>, yet many<\/span> studies <\/span>utilize <\/span>different cutoffs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
After adjusting<\/span><\/span> for <\/span><\/span>demographic<\/span><\/span> variables<\/span><\/span> and comorbidities, this retrospective analysis of COVID-positive patients in New York City<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> shows<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>significant association between<\/span><\/span> low 25(OH)D levels and <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span> increased likelihood of <\/span><\/span>need for <\/span><\/span>oxygen<\/span><\/span> support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Four-hundred thirty-seven adult <\/span>COVID-19 patients within the Mount Sinai Health<\/span> System<\/span> (New York City ) <\/span>who had serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level<\/span>s [<\/span>25(OH)D<\/span>]<\/span> drawn<\/span> within the three months <\/span>preceding<\/span> their COVID-19<\/span> diagnosis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> Length of Study B<\/span>etween March 1, 2020 and May 8, 2020<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Who<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
\n<\/span><\/p><\/h2><\/div><\/b>Results<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Things to Keep in Mind<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
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